Table of contents

1. A Review of General Chemistry5h 5m
2. Molecular Representations1h 14m
3. Acids and Bases2h 46m
4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes4h 17m
5. Chirality3h 39m
6. Thermodynamics and Kinetics1h 22m
7. Substitution Reactions1h 48m
8. Elimination Reactions2h 30m
9. Alkenes and Alkynes2h 9m
10. Addition Reactions3h 19m
11. Radical Reactions1h 58m
12. Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides and Thiols2h 42m
13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds2h 17m
14. Synthetic Techniques1h 26m
15. Analytical Techniques:IR, NMR, Mass Spect7h 3m
16. Conjugated Systems6h 13m
17. Ultraviolet Spectroscopy51m
18. Aromaticity2h 34m
19. Reactions of Aromatics: EAS and Beyond5h 1m
20. Phenols55m
21. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition4h 56m
22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS2h 51m
23. The Chemistry of Thioesters, Phophate Ester and Phosphate Anhydrides1h 10m
24. Enolate Chemistry: Reactions at the Alpha-Carbon1h 53m
25. Condensation Chemistry2h 9m
26. Amines1h 43m
27. Heterocycles2h 0m
28. Carbohydrates5h 53m
29. Amino Acids4h 20m
30. Peptides and Proteins2h 42m
31. Catalysis in Organic Reactions1h 30m
32. Lipids 2h 50m
33. The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways2h 52m
34. Nucleic Acids1h 32m
35. Transition Metals6h 14m
36. Synthetic Polymers1h 49m

4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes

Naming Cycloalkanes

Organic Chemistry

4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes

Naming Cycloalkanes

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5:33 minutes

Problem 70a

Textbook Question

Draw skeletal structures for the following:
a. 5-ethyl-2-methyloctane

Verified step by step guidance

Step 1: Start by identifying the parent chain. The parent chain is 'octane,' which means it contains 8 carbon atoms in a straight chain. Draw a straight chain of 8 carbons.

Step 2: Number the carbon atoms in the parent chain from left to right (or right to left) to ensure the substituents are assigned the lowest possible numbers. This numbering will help place the substituents correctly.

Step 3: Identify the substituents. The name '5-ethyl' indicates an ethyl group (-CH₂CH₃) attached to the 5th carbon, and '2-methyl' indicates a methyl group (-CH₃) attached to the 2nd carbon.

Step 4: Add the substituents to the parent chain. Attach the ethyl group (-CH₂CH₃) to the 5th carbon and the methyl group (-CH₃) to the 2nd carbon of the parent chain.

Step 5: Verify the structure. Ensure that the skeletal structure correctly represents the parent chain and substituents, and confirm that the substituents are placed at the correct positions (2nd and 5th carbons).

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Skeletal Structures

Skeletal structures, or line-angle formulas, are a simplified way of representing organic molecules. In these diagrams, carbon atoms are represented by vertices or ends of lines, while hydrogen atoms are typically omitted for clarity. This method allows chemists to visualize the connectivity and branching of carbon chains without cluttering the diagram with hydrogen atoms.

IUPAC Nomenclature

IUPAC nomenclature is a systematic method for naming organic chemical compounds. It provides rules for identifying the longest carbon chain, substituents, and their positions. In the case of '5-ethyl-2-methyloctane', the name indicates an eight-carbon chain (octane) with an ethyl group at the fifth carbon and a methyl group at the second carbon, which is essential for accurately drawing the skeletal structure.

Carbon Chain Branching

Carbon chain branching refers to the presence of substituents attached to the main carbon chain in an organic molecule. In '5-ethyl-2-methyloctane', the main chain consists of eight carbon atoms, while the ethyl and methyl groups create branches. Understanding how to represent these branches in skeletal structures is crucial for accurately depicting the molecule's three-dimensional shape and connectivity.

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Related Practice

Textbook Question

Draw skeletal structures for the following:

d. propylcyclopentane

Textbook Question

Draw skeletal structures for the following:

c. 2,3,3,4-tetramethylheptane

Textbook Question

Draw the structure that corresponds with each name.

e. 2,2,4,4-tetramethylhexane

f. trans-1,3-diethylcyclopentane

Textbook Question

Draw skeletal structures for the following:

b. 1,3-dimethylcyclohexane

Textbook Question

What is each compound's systematic name?

Textbook Question

Draw all the isomers with molecular formula C₆H₁₂ that contain a cyclobutane ring.

Textbook Question

Each of the following descriptions applies to more than one alkane. In each case, draw and name two structures that match the description.

c. a cis-diethylcyclohexane

d. a trans-dihalocyclopentane

Textbook Question

Draw and name the six isomeric cyclopentanes of molecular formula C₇H₁₄. These will include four constitutional isomers, of which two show geometric (cis-trans) stereoisomerism.

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Draw skeletal structures for the following: a. 5-ethyl-2-methyloctane

Key Concepts

Skeletal Structures

IUPAC Nomenclature

Carbon Chain Branching

Watch next

Draw skeletal structures for the following:
a. 5-ethyl-2-methyloctane