Table of contents

1. A Review of General Chemistry5h 5m
2. Molecular Representations1h 14m
3. Acids and Bases2h 46m
4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes4h 17m
5. Chirality3h 39m
6. Thermodynamics and Kinetics1h 22m
7. Substitution Reactions1h 48m
8. Elimination Reactions2h 30m
9. Alkenes and Alkynes2h 9m
10. Addition Reactions3h 19m
11. Radical Reactions1h 58m
12. Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides and Thiols2h 42m
13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds2h 17m
14. Synthetic Techniques1h 26m
15. Analytical Techniques:IR, NMR, Mass Spect7h 3m
16. Conjugated Systems6h 13m
17. Ultraviolet Spectroscopy51m
18. Aromaticity2h 34m
19. Reactions of Aromatics: EAS and Beyond5h 1m
20. Phenols55m
21. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition4h 56m
22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS2h 51m
23. The Chemistry of Thioesters, Phophate Ester and Phosphate Anhydrides1h 10m
24. Enolate Chemistry: Reactions at the Alpha-Carbon1h 53m
25. Condensation Chemistry2h 9m
26. Amines1h 43m
27. Heterocycles2h 0m
28. Carbohydrates5h 53m
29. Amino Acids4h 20m
30. Peptides and Proteins2h 42m
31. Catalysis in Organic Reactions1h 30m
32. Lipids 2h 50m
33. The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways2h 52m
34. Nucleic Acids1h 32m
35. Transition Metals6h 14m
36. Synthetic Polymers1h 49m

1. A Review of General Chemistry

Skeletal Structure

Organic Chemistry

1. A Review of General Chemistry

Skeletal Structure

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1:03 minutes

Problem 72a

Textbook Question

Identify the mistakes contained within the following structures.
(a)

Verified step by step guidance

Examine the given chemical structure carefully and identify any violations of fundamental organic chemistry rules, such as incorrect valency for atoms. For example, carbon should have four bonds, oxygen typically has two bonds, and hydrogen has one bond.

Check for any missing or extra lone pairs on heteroatoms like oxygen, nitrogen, or halogens. Lone pairs are crucial for maintaining the correct formal charge and stability of the molecule.

Verify the connectivity of atoms in the structure. Ensure that the arrangement of bonds follows standard conventions, such as avoiding impossible bond angles or steric clashes.

Look for any incorrect charges assigned to atoms. For instance, a carbon atom with three bonds and no lone pairs should have a positive charge, while a carbon atom with three bonds and one lone pair should have a negative charge.

Confirm that the structure adheres to resonance rules, if applicable. Ensure that resonance contributors are valid and do not violate the octet rule or other stability principles.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Structural Representation

Structural representation in organic chemistry refers to the way molecules are depicted, showing the arrangement of atoms and the bonds between them. Understanding how to read and interpret structural formulas is crucial for identifying functional groups, stereochemistry, and overall molecular geometry, which are essential for analyzing the correctness of given structures.

Functional Groups

Functional groups are specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules. Recognizing functional groups is vital for identifying potential reactivity and properties of organic compounds, which can help in pinpointing mistakes in structural representations.

Stereochemistry

Stereochemistry involves the study of the spatial arrangement of atoms in molecules and how this affects their chemical behavior. Misinterpretations in stereochemistry, such as incorrect configurations of chiral centers, can lead to significant errors in understanding the properties and reactivity of organic compounds, making it a key concept in evaluating structural mistakes.

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Related Practice

Textbook Question

Give the molecular formula of each compound shown

(a)

(b)

(c)

Textbook Question

Some of the following molecular formulas correspond to stable compounds. When possible, draw a stable structure for each formula. Propose a general rule for the numbers of hydrogen atoms in stable hydrocarbons.

Textbook Question

Convert the following hybrid structural formulas into the line-angle drawings.

(b)

Textbook Question

Given the line-angle drawings shown, answer the following questions:

(i) How many carbons are in each molecule?

(ii) How many hydrogens are at the circled carbon?

(iii) Is the indicated (→) carbon or 1° , 2°, 3°, or 4°?

(f)

Textbook Question

How many hydrogens are attached to each of the indicated carbons in morphine?

Textbook Question