Table of contents

1. A Review of General Chemistry5h 5m
2. Molecular Representations1h 14m
3. Acids and Bases2h 46m
4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes4h 17m
5. Chirality3h 39m
6. Thermodynamics and Kinetics1h 22m
7. Substitution Reactions1h 48m
8. Elimination Reactions2h 30m
9. Alkenes and Alkynes2h 9m
10. Addition Reactions3h 19m
11. Radical Reactions1h 58m
12. Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides and Thiols2h 42m
13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds2h 17m
14. Synthetic Techniques1h 26m
15. Analytical Techniques:IR, NMR, Mass Spect7h 3m
16. Conjugated Systems6h 13m
17. Ultraviolet Spectroscopy51m
18. Aromaticity2h 34m
19. Reactions of Aromatics: EAS and Beyond5h 1m
20. Phenols55m
21. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition4h 56m
22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS2h 51m
23. The Chemistry of Thioesters, Phophate Ester and Phosphate Anhydrides1h 10m
24. Enolate Chemistry: Reactions at the Alpha-Carbon1h 53m
25. Condensation Chemistry2h 9m
26. Amines1h 43m
27. Heterocycles2h 0m
28. Carbohydrates5h 53m
29. Amino Acids4h 20m
30. Peptides and Proteins2h 42m
31. Catalysis in Organic Reactions1h 30m
32. Lipids 2h 50m
33. The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways2h 52m
34. Nucleic Acids1h 32m
35. Transition Metals6h 14m
36. Synthetic Polymers1h 49m

34. Nucleic Acids

Intro to Nucleic Acids

Organic Chemistry

34. Nucleic Acids

Intro to Nucleic Acids

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Multiple Choice

What is the function of a ddNTP in DNA sequencing?

To initiate DNA strand synthesis

To terminate DNA strand elongation

To enhance the fidelity of DNA polymerase

To stabilize the DNA double helix

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Verified step by step guidance

Understand the role of ddNTPs (dideoxynucleotides) in DNA sequencing. They are modified nucleotides that lack a 3'-OH group on the sugar moiety, which is crucial for forming phosphodiester bonds with the next nucleotide.

Recognize that in DNA sequencing, particularly Sanger sequencing, ddNTPs are used to terminate DNA strand elongation. This is because the absence of the 3'-OH group prevents the addition of further nucleotides.

Incorporate ddNTPs into the DNA synthesis reaction along with normal dNTPs (deoxynucleotides). The random incorporation of ddNTPs results in the termination of the DNA strand at various lengths.

Analyze the resulting DNA fragments, which are terminated at different points, to determine the sequence of the original DNA strand. Each fragment ends with a ddNTP, which can be identified by its fluorescent or radioactive label.

Conclude that the primary function of ddNTPs in DNA sequencing is to terminate DNA strand elongation, allowing for the determination of the DNA sequence by analyzing the lengths of terminated fragments.