Table of contents

1. A Review of General Chemistry5h 5m
2. Molecular Representations1h 14m
3. Acids and Bases2h 46m
4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes4h 17m
5. Chirality3h 39m
6. Thermodynamics and Kinetics1h 22m
7. Substitution Reactions1h 48m
8. Elimination Reactions2h 30m
9. Alkenes and Alkynes2h 9m
10. Addition Reactions3h 19m
11. Radical Reactions1h 58m
12. Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides and Thiols2h 42m
13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds2h 17m
14. Synthetic Techniques1h 26m
15. Analytical Techniques:IR, NMR, Mass Spect7h 3m
16. Conjugated Systems6h 13m
17. Ultraviolet Spectroscopy51m
18. Aromaticity2h 34m
19. Reactions of Aromatics: EAS and Beyond5h 1m
20. Phenols55m
21. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition4h 56m
22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS2h 51m
23. The Chemistry of Thioesters, Phophate Ester and Phosphate Anhydrides1h 10m
24. Enolate Chemistry: Reactions at the Alpha-Carbon1h 53m
25. Condensation Chemistry2h 9m
26. Amines1h 43m
27. Heterocycles2h 0m
28. Carbohydrates5h 53m
29. Amino Acids4h 20m
30. Peptides and Proteins2h 42m
31. Catalysis in Organic Reactions1h 30m
32. Lipids 2h 50m
33. The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways2h 52m
34. Nucleic Acids1h 32m
35. Transition Metals6h 14m
36. Synthetic Polymers1h 49m

23. The Chemistry of Thioesters, Phophate Ester and Phosphate Anhydrides

Hydrolysis of Phosphate Esters

Organic Chemistry

23. The Chemistry of Thioesters, Phophate Ester and Phosphate Anhydrides

Hydrolysis of Phosphate Esters

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Multiple Choice

How are phosphates incorporated into organic molecules in plants and animals during hydrolysis of phosphate esters?

Via hydrogen bonding with water molecules

Through the formation of phosphodiester bonds

By forming ionic bonds with metal ions

By direct attachment to carbon atoms

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Verified step by step guidance

Understand the role of phosphate esters: Phosphate esters are organic molecules where a phosphate group is bonded to an organic moiety. In biological systems, these esters are crucial for energy transfer and storage, as well as for forming structural components of nucleic acids.

Recognize the process of hydrolysis: Hydrolysis is a chemical reaction where water is used to break down compounds. In the context of phosphate esters, hydrolysis involves breaking the ester bond, releasing the phosphate group.

Identify the formation of phosphodiester bonds: In biological systems, phosphates are often incorporated into organic molecules through the formation of phosphodiester bonds. This occurs when a phosphate group forms two ester bonds, typically linking two alcohol groups, such as in the backbone of DNA and RNA.

Consider the role of enzymes: Enzymes like kinases and phosphatases play a crucial role in facilitating the transfer and incorporation of phosphate groups into organic molecules by catalyzing the formation and breaking of phosphodiester bonds.

Evaluate the incorrect options: Hydrogen bonding with water molecules, ionic bonds with metal ions, and direct attachment to carbon atoms are not the primary mechanisms for phosphate incorporation in the context of hydrolysis of phosphate esters in biological systems.