Table of contents

1. A Review of General Chemistry5h 5m
2. Molecular Representations1h 14m
3. Acids and Bases2h 46m
4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes4h 17m
5. Chirality3h 39m
6. Thermodynamics and Kinetics1h 22m
7. Substitution Reactions1h 48m
8. Elimination Reactions2h 30m
9. Alkenes and Alkynes2h 9m
10. Addition Reactions3h 19m
11. Radical Reactions1h 58m
12. Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides and Thiols2h 42m
13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds2h 17m
14. Synthetic Techniques1h 26m
15. Analytical Techniques:IR, NMR, Mass Spect7h 3m
16. Conjugated Systems6h 13m
17. Ultraviolet Spectroscopy51m
18. Aromaticity2h 34m
19. Reactions of Aromatics: EAS and Beyond5h 1m
20. Phenols55m
21. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition4h 56m
22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS2h 51m
23. The Chemistry of Thioesters, Phophate Ester and Phosphate Anhydrides1h 10m
24. Enolate Chemistry: Reactions at the Alpha-Carbon1h 53m
25. Condensation Chemistry2h 9m
26. Amines1h 43m
27. Heterocycles2h 0m
28. Carbohydrates5h 53m
29. Amino Acids4h 20m
30. Peptides and Proteins2h 42m
31. Catalysis in Organic Reactions1h 30m
32. Lipids 2h 50m
33. The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways2h 52m
34. Nucleic Acids1h 32m
35. Transition Metals6h 14m
36. Synthetic Polymers1h 49m

1. A Review of General Chemistry

Degrees of Unsaturation

Organic Chemistry

1. A Review of General Chemistry

Degrees of Unsaturation

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3:22 minutes

Problem 3a

Textbook Question

What is the molecular formula for a monocyclic hydrocarbon with 14 carbons and 2 triple bonds?

Verified step by step guidance

Step 1: Recall the general formula for a monocyclic hydrocarbon. A monocyclic hydrocarbon with no double or triple bonds follows the formula C_nH_2n, where 'n' is the number of carbon atoms.

Step 2: Understand the impact of triple bonds on the hydrogen count. Each triple bond reduces the number of hydrogens by 4 (2 hydrogens per bond).

Step 3: Start with the base formula for a monocyclic hydrocarbon with 14 carbons: C₁₄H₂₈ (using the formula C_nH_2n).

Step 4: Subtract the hydrogens lost due to the two triple bonds. Since each triple bond reduces the hydrogen count by 4, the total reduction is 4 × 2 = 8 hydrogens.

Step 5: Adjust the molecular formula by subtracting the 8 hydrogens from the original count. The final molecular formula is C₁₄H₍₂₈₋₈₎.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Monocyclic Hydrocarbons

Monocyclic hydrocarbons are organic compounds that consist of carbon and hydrogen atoms arranged in a single ring structure. They can be saturated or unsaturated, depending on the presence of double or triple bonds. The general formula for a monocyclic hydrocarbon can vary, but it typically follows the pattern CnH2n for saturated compounds, where 'n' is the number of carbon atoms.

Triple Bonds in Hydrocarbons

Triple bonds occur when two carbon atoms share three pairs of electrons, resulting in a strong bond that significantly affects the compound's reactivity and stability. In hydrocarbons, the presence of triple bonds reduces the number of hydrogen atoms that can be attached to the carbon skeleton. Each triple bond effectively removes two hydrogen atoms from the molecular formula compared to a saturated hydrocarbon.

Determining Molecular Formula

To determine the molecular formula of a hydrocarbon, one must account for the number of carbon (C) and hydrogen (H) atoms based on the structure and types of bonds present. For a monocyclic hydrocarbon with 14 carbons and 2 triple bonds, the formula can be derived by starting with the base formula for saturated hydrocarbons and adjusting for the unsaturation caused by the triple bonds, leading to a final formula that reflects the actual number of hydrogen atoms.

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Related Practice

Textbook Question

Give five examples of structures with this formula (C₆H₁₂). At least one should contain a ring, and at least one should contain a double bond.

Hint: If you prefer to use a formula, elements of unsaturation = 1/2(2C + 2 - H)

C = number of carbons

H = number of hydrogens

Textbook Question

For each of the following molecular formulas, determine the number of elements of unsaturation, and draw three examples.

a. C₄H₄Cl₂

b. C₄H₈O

c. C₆H₈O₂

Textbook Question

For each of the following molecular formulas, determine the number of elements of unsaturation, and draw three examples.

d. C₅H₅NO₂

e. C₆H₃NClBr

Textbook Question

Calculate the index of hydrogen deficiency for curacin A, which has a molecular formula of C₂₃H₃₅NOS .

Textbook Question

What is the molecular formula of a hydrocarbon that has 1 triple bond, 2 double bonds, 1 ring, and 32 carbons?

Multiple Choice

What is the index of hydrogen deficiency (IHD) for the following molecule?

Textbook Question

Determine the degree of unsaturation and then draw possible structures for noncyclic compounds with the following molecular formulas:

b. C₃H₄

Textbook Question

Determine the degree of unsaturation and then draw possible structures for noncyclic compounds with the following molecular formulas:

a. C₃H₆

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