Table of contents

1. A Review of General Chemistry5h 5m
2. Molecular Representations1h 14m
3. Acids and Bases2h 46m
4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes4h 17m
5. Chirality3h 39m
6. Thermodynamics and Kinetics1h 22m
7. Substitution Reactions1h 48m
8. Elimination Reactions2h 30m
9. Alkenes and Alkynes2h 9m
10. Addition Reactions3h 19m
11. Radical Reactions1h 58m
12. Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides and Thiols2h 42m
13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds2h 17m
14. Synthetic Techniques1h 26m
15. Analytical Techniques:IR, NMR, Mass Spect7h 3m
16. Conjugated Systems6h 13m
17. Ultraviolet Spectroscopy51m
18. Aromaticity2h 34m
19. Reactions of Aromatics: EAS and Beyond5h 1m
20. Phenols55m
21. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition4h 56m
22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS2h 51m
23. The Chemistry of Thioesters, Phophate Ester and Phosphate Anhydrides1h 10m
24. Enolate Chemistry: Reactions at the Alpha-Carbon1h 53m
25. Condensation Chemistry2h 9m
26. Amines1h 43m
27. Heterocycles2h 0m
28. Carbohydrates5h 53m
29. Amino Acids4h 20m
30. Peptides and Proteins2h 42m
31. Catalysis in Organic Reactions1h 30m
32. Lipids 2h 50m
33. The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways2h 52m
34. Nucleic Acids1h 32m
35. Transition Metals6h 14m
36. Synthetic Polymers1h 49m

3. Acids and Bases

Acids and Bases

Organic Chemistry

3. Acids and Bases

Acids and Bases

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Multiple Choice

In the context of acids and bases, which two variables are related by causation?

pH and pressure

pH and volume of solution

pH and concentration of hydrogen ions

pH and temperature

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Verified step by step guidance

Understand the definition of pH: pH is a measure of the hydrogen ion concentration in a solution. It is calculated using the formula: \( \text{pH} = -\log[\text{H}^+] \), where \([\text{H}^+]\) is the concentration of hydrogen ions.

Recognize that pH is directly related to the concentration of hydrogen ions. As the concentration of hydrogen ions increases, the pH value decreases, indicating a more acidic solution.

Consider the relationship between pH and other variables: While pressure, volume, and temperature can affect the state of a solution, they do not have a direct causative relationship with pH in the same way that hydrogen ion concentration does.

Identify that changes in hydrogen ion concentration directly cause changes in pH. This is a direct causation relationship, unlike the other variables listed.

Conclude that the correct causative relationship is between pH and the concentration of hydrogen ions, as changes in hydrogen ion concentration directly result in changes in pH.