Table of contents

1. A Review of General Chemistry5h 5m
2. Molecular Representations1h 14m
3. Acids and Bases2h 46m
4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes4h 17m
5. Chirality3h 39m
6. Thermodynamics and Kinetics1h 22m
7. Substitution Reactions1h 48m
8. Elimination Reactions2h 30m
9. Alkenes and Alkynes2h 9m
10. Addition Reactions3h 19m
11. Radical Reactions1h 58m
12. Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides and Thiols2h 42m
13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds2h 17m
14. Synthetic Techniques1h 26m
15. Analytical Techniques:IR, NMR, Mass Spect7h 3m
16. Conjugated Systems6h 13m
17. Ultraviolet Spectroscopy51m
18. Aromaticity2h 34m
19. Reactions of Aromatics: EAS and Beyond5h 1m
20. Phenols55m
21. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition4h 56m
22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS2h 51m
23. The Chemistry of Thioesters, Phophate Ester and Phosphate Anhydrides1h 10m
24. Enolate Chemistry: Reactions at the Alpha-Carbon1h 53m
25. Condensation Chemistry2h 9m
26. Amines1h 43m
27. Heterocycles2h 0m
28. Carbohydrates5h 53m
29. Amino Acids4h 20m
30. Peptides and Proteins2h 42m
31. Catalysis in Organic Reactions1h 30m
32. Lipids 2h 50m
33. The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways2h 52m
34. Nucleic Acids1h 32m
35. Transition Metals6h 14m
36. Synthetic Polymers1h 49m

3. Acids and Bases

Organic Chemistry Reactions

Organic Chemistry

3. Acids and Bases

Organic Chemistry Reactions

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Multiple Choice

What is the role of the electron transport chain in the process of photosynthesis?

To break down water molecules into oxygen and hydrogen

To fix carbon dioxide into glucose

To generate ATP and NADPH by transferring electrons

To absorb light energy and excite electrons

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Verified step by step guidance

Understand that the electron transport chain (ETC) in photosynthesis is part of the light-dependent reactions, which occur in the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts.

Recognize that the primary role of the ETC in photosynthesis is to facilitate the transfer of electrons from water molecules to NADP+, forming NADPH, and to generate a proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane.

Note that the energy from excited electrons, which are energized by light absorption in photosystem II, is used to pump protons (H⁺ ions) into the thylakoid lumen, creating a proton gradient.

Understand that this proton gradient is used by ATP synthase to synthesize ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate (Pi) as protons flow back into the stroma, a process known as chemiosmosis.

Conclude that the ATP and NADPH produced by the electron transport chain are essential for the Calvin cycle, where they are used to fix carbon dioxide into glucose.