Table of contents

1. A Review of General Chemistry5h 5m
2. Molecular Representations1h 14m
3. Acids and Bases2h 46m
4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes4h 17m
5. Chirality3h 39m
6. Thermodynamics and Kinetics1h 22m
7. Substitution Reactions1h 48m
8. Elimination Reactions2h 30m
9. Alkenes and Alkynes2h 9m
10. Addition Reactions3h 19m
11. Radical Reactions1h 58m
12. Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides and Thiols2h 42m
13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds2h 17m
14. Synthetic Techniques1h 26m
15. Analytical Techniques:IR, NMR, Mass Spect7h 3m
16. Conjugated Systems6h 13m
17. Ultraviolet Spectroscopy51m
18. Aromaticity2h 34m
19. Reactions of Aromatics: EAS and Beyond5h 1m
20. Phenols55m
21. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition4h 56m
22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS2h 51m
23. The Chemistry of Thioesters, Phophate Ester and Phosphate Anhydrides1h 10m
24. Enolate Chemistry: Reactions at the Alpha-Carbon1h 53m
25. Condensation Chemistry2h 9m
26. Amines1h 43m
27. Heterocycles2h 0m
28. Carbohydrates5h 53m
29. Amino Acids4h 20m
30. Peptides and Proteins2h 42m
31. Catalysis in Organic Reactions1h 30m
32. Lipids 2h 50m
33. The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways2h 52m
34. Nucleic Acids1h 32m
35. Transition Metals6h 14m
36. Synthetic Polymers1h 49m

8. Elimination Reactions

E1 Reaction

Organic Chemistry

8. Elimination Reactions

E1 Reaction

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2:31 minutes

Problem 34a

Textbook Question

Identify the bonds that break and form in the following elimination reactions.
(a)

Verified step by step guidance

Analyze the elimination reaction type: Determine whether the reaction is an E1 or E2 elimination. This depends on factors such as the substrate structure (primary, secondary, or tertiary), the strength of the base, and the reaction conditions (e.g., heat).

Identify the leaving group: Look for the atom or group that will leave the molecule during the elimination process. This is typically a halide (e.g., Cl⁻, Br⁻) or another good leaving group.

Determine the β-hydrogen: Locate the hydrogen atom on the β-carbon (the carbon adjacent to the carbon bearing the leaving group). This hydrogen will be removed during the elimination reaction.

Break the bonds: In the elimination reaction, the bond between the β-hydrogen and the β-carbon breaks, and the bond between the leaving group and the α-carbon (the carbon attached to the leaving group) also breaks.

Form the new bond: A π-bond (double bond) forms between the α-carbon and the β-carbon as a result of the elimination process, creating an alkene product.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Elimination Reactions

Elimination reactions are a type of organic reaction where two substituents are removed from a molecule, resulting in the formation of a double bond or a ring structure. These reactions typically involve the loss of a leaving group and a hydrogen atom, leading to the creation of alkenes or alkynes. Understanding the mechanism of elimination reactions, such as E1 and E2 pathways, is crucial for predicting the products formed.

Bond Breaking and Forming

In elimination reactions, specific bonds are broken and formed during the transition state. Typically, a carbon-hydrogen (C-H) bond is broken alongside a carbon-leaving group bond (C-X), where X is a leaving group. Simultaneously, a new pi bond (C=C) is formed between the two carbon atoms involved in the reaction. Recognizing which bonds are involved helps in understanding the reaction mechanism and predicting the outcome.

Leaving Groups

A leaving group is an atom or group of atoms that can depart from the parent molecule during a chemical reaction, facilitating the formation of new bonds. Good leaving groups are typically stable after departure, such as halides (Cl, Br, I) or sulfonate groups. The nature of the leaving group significantly influences the rate and mechanism of elimination reactions, making it essential to identify them when analyzing these processes.

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