Table of contents

1. A Review of General Chemistry5h 5m
2. Molecular Representations1h 14m
3. Acids and Bases2h 46m
4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes4h 17m
5. Chirality3h 39m
6. Thermodynamics and Kinetics1h 22m
7. Substitution Reactions1h 48m
8. Elimination Reactions2h 30m
9. Alkenes and Alkynes2h 9m
10. Addition Reactions3h 19m
11. Radical Reactions1h 58m
12. Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides and Thiols2h 42m
13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds2h 17m
14. Synthetic Techniques1h 26m
15. Analytical Techniques:IR, NMR, Mass Spect7h 3m
16. Conjugated Systems6h 13m
17. Ultraviolet Spectroscopy51m
18. Aromaticity2h 34m
19. Reactions of Aromatics: EAS and Beyond5h 1m
20. Phenols55m
21. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition4h 56m
22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS2h 51m
23. The Chemistry of Thioesters, Phophate Ester and Phosphate Anhydrides1h 10m
24. Enolate Chemistry: Reactions at the Alpha-Carbon1h 53m
25. Condensation Chemistry2h 9m
26. Amines1h 43m
27. Heterocycles2h 0m
28. Carbohydrates5h 53m
29. Amino Acids4h 20m
30. Peptides and Proteins2h 42m
31. Catalysis in Organic Reactions1h 30m
32. Lipids 2h 50m
33. The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways2h 52m
34. Nucleic Acids1h 32m
35. Transition Metals6h 14m
36. Synthetic Polymers1h 49m

22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS

Carboxylic Acid Derivatives

Organic Chemistry

22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS

Carboxylic Acid Derivatives

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1:57 minutes

Problem 57c

Textbook Question

Show how you would accomplish the following multistep syntheses, using the indicated starting material and any necessary reagents.
(c)

Verified step by step guidance

Step 1: Analyze the target molecule and the starting material. Identify the functional groups present in both and determine the transformations needed to convert the starting material into the target molecule.

Step 2: Plan the synthesis by identifying key reactions that can achieve the necessary transformations. Consider reactions such as oxidation, reduction, substitution, or addition, depending on the functional groups involved.

Step 3: Select appropriate reagents for each reaction step. For example, if an oxidation is required, you might choose reagents like PCC (Pyridinium chlorochromate) or KMnO4. If a reduction is needed, consider using reagents like LiAlH4 or NaBH4.

Step 4: Sequence the reactions logically, ensuring that each step is feasible and that the intermediate products are stable and can be isolated if necessary. Consider the order of reactions to avoid unwanted side reactions or degradation of the product.

Step 5: Write out the complete reaction mechanism for each step, showing how the starting material is transformed into the intermediate products and finally into the target molecule. Use curved arrows to indicate electron movement and ensure that all stereochemistry is correctly represented.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Multistep Synthesis

Multistep synthesis involves a series of chemical reactions that transform a starting material into a desired product through intermediate compounds. Understanding the sequence of reactions, including the reagents and conditions required for each step, is crucial for successfully completing the synthesis. This concept emphasizes the importance of planning and predicting the outcomes of each reaction to achieve the final product efficiently.

Reagents and Reaction Conditions

Reagents are substances used to bring about a chemical reaction, while reaction conditions refer to the specific environment (temperature, pressure, solvent, etc.) under which the reaction occurs. Knowledge of the appropriate reagents and conditions is essential for facilitating the desired transformations in a multistep synthesis. Selecting the right reagents can influence the yield and purity of the final product.

Functional Group Transformations

Functional group transformations are chemical reactions that convert one functional group into another, which is a key aspect of organic synthesis. Understanding how different functional groups behave and react allows chemists to strategically modify molecules during synthesis. This concept is vital for predicting the outcomes of reactions and for designing pathways to synthesize complex organic compounds.

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