Table of contents

1. A Review of General Chemistry5h 5m
2. Molecular Representations1h 14m
3. Acids and Bases2h 46m
4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes4h 17m
5. Chirality3h 39m
6. Thermodynamics and Kinetics1h 22m
7. Substitution Reactions1h 48m
8. Elimination Reactions2h 30m
9. Alkenes and Alkynes2h 9m
10. Addition Reactions3h 19m
11. Radical Reactions1h 58m
12. Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides and Thiols2h 42m
13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds2h 17m
14. Synthetic Techniques1h 26m
15. Analytical Techniques:IR, NMR, Mass Spect7h 3m
16. Conjugated Systems6h 13m
17. Ultraviolet Spectroscopy51m
18. Aromaticity2h 34m
19. Reactions of Aromatics: EAS and Beyond5h 1m
20. Phenols55m
21. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition4h 56m
22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS2h 51m
23. The Chemistry of Thioesters, Phophate Ester and Phosphate Anhydrides1h 10m
24. Enolate Chemistry: Reactions at the Alpha-Carbon1h 53m
25. Condensation Chemistry2h 9m
26. Amines1h 43m
27. Heterocycles2h 0m
28. Carbohydrates5h 53m
29. Amino Acids4h 20m
30. Peptides and Proteins2h 42m
31. Catalysis in Organic Reactions1h 30m
32. Lipids 2h 50m
33. The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways2h 52m
34. Nucleic Acids1h 32m
35. Transition Metals6h 14m
36. Synthetic Polymers1h 49m

13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds

Oxidizing and Reducing Agents

Organic Chemistry

13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds

Oxidizing and Reducing Agents

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Multiple Choice

Which of the following are the two primary electron carriers involved in biological oxidation-reduction reactions?

NAD+ and FAD

ADP and AMP

NADP+ and CoA

ATP and GTP

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Verified step by step guidance

Understand the context: Biological oxidation-reduction reactions involve the transfer of electrons between molecules, which is crucial for cellular respiration and energy production.

Identify the role of electron carriers: Electron carriers are molecules that transport electrons during cellular respiration. They play a key role in the electron transport chain, which is part of the process of oxidative phosphorylation.

Recognize the primary electron carriers: In biological systems, the primary electron carriers are NAD+ (Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) and FAD (Flavin adenine dinucleotide). These molecules accept electrons during metabolic reactions and become reduced to NADH and FADH2, respectively.

Differentiate from other molecules: ADP (Adenosine diphosphate) and AMP (Adenosine monophosphate) are involved in energy transfer but are not primary electron carriers. NADP+ (Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) is similar to NAD+ but is primarily involved in anabolic reactions, not the main electron transport chain. CoA (Coenzyme A) is involved in acyl group transfer, not electron transfer. ATP (Adenosine triphosphate) and GTP (Guanosine triphosphate) are energy carriers, not electron carriers.

Conclude with the correct answer: Based on the roles and functions of these molecules, the two primary electron carriers involved in biological oxidation-reduction reactions are NAD+ and FAD.