Table of contents

1. A Review of General Chemistry5h 5m
2. Molecular Representations1h 14m
3. Acids and Bases2h 46m
4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes4h 17m
5. Chirality3h 39m
6. Thermodynamics and Kinetics1h 22m
7. Substitution Reactions1h 48m
8. Elimination Reactions2h 30m
9. Alkenes and Alkynes2h 9m
10. Addition Reactions3h 19m
11. Radical Reactions1h 58m
12. Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides and Thiols2h 42m
13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds2h 17m
14. Synthetic Techniques1h 26m
15. Analytical Techniques:IR, NMR, Mass Spect7h 3m
16. Conjugated Systems6h 13m
17. Ultraviolet Spectroscopy51m
18. Aromaticity2h 34m
19. Reactions of Aromatics: EAS and Beyond5h 1m
20. Phenols55m
21. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition4h 56m
22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS2h 51m
23. The Chemistry of Thioesters, Phophate Ester and Phosphate Anhydrides1h 10m
24. Enolate Chemistry: Reactions at the Alpha-Carbon1h 53m
25. Condensation Chemistry2h 9m
26. Amines1h 43m
27. Heterocycles2h 0m
28. Carbohydrates5h 53m
29. Amino Acids4h 20m
30. Peptides and Proteins2h 42m
31. Catalysis in Organic Reactions1h 30m
32. Lipids 2h 50m
33. The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways2h 52m
34. Nucleic Acids1h 32m
35. Transition Metals6h 14m
36. Synthetic Polymers1h 49m

1. A Review of General Chemistry

Intro to Organic Chemistry

Organic Chemistry

1. A Review of General Chemistry

Intro to Organic Chemistry

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Multiple Choice

Which of the following statements best describes the hybridization of carbon atoms in ethene (C2H4)?

The carbon atoms are sp3 hybridized.

The carbon atoms are sp hybridized.

The carbon atoms are not hybridized.

The carbon atoms are sp2 hybridized.

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Verified step by step guidance

Identify the molecular structure of ethene (C2H4). Ethene consists of two carbon atoms double-bonded to each other, with each carbon atom also bonded to two hydrogen atoms.

Understand the concept of hybridization: Hybridization is the mixing of atomic orbitals to form new hybrid orbitals that can form sigma bonds or accommodate lone pairs.

Determine the type of bonds present in ethene: Each carbon atom forms three sigma bonds (two with hydrogen atoms and one with the other carbon atom) and one pi bond (the second bond in the double bond between the carbon atoms).

Recognize the hybridization state: For a carbon atom forming three sigma bonds, the hybridization is sp2. This involves the mixing of one s orbital and two p orbitals to form three sp2 hybrid orbitals.

Conclude that in ethene, each carbon atom is sp2 hybridized, allowing for the formation of a planar structure with 120-degree bond angles, which is characteristic of sp2 hybridization.