Multiple Choice
Which organism is believed to have contributed to the addition of oxygen to Earth's early atmosphere?
1. A Review of General Chemistry
Intro to Organic Chemistry
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In the context of organic chemistry, what is a prophage?
A
A type of catalyst used in polymerization
B
A viral DNA integrated into a bacterial genome
C
An intermediate in the synthesis of alkanes
D
A precursor molecule in a chemical reaction
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand the context: The term 'prophage' is related to virology and microbiology, not directly to organic chemistry reactions or synthesis.
Define 'prophage': A prophage is a form of a bacteriophage (a virus that infects bacteria) where the viral DNA is integrated into the bacterial host's genome.
Clarify the process: When a bacteriophage infects a bacterium, it can either enter a lytic cycle, where it replicates and destroys the host, or a lysogenic cycle, where it integrates its DNA into the host genome, becoming a prophage.
Explain the significance: The prophage can remain dormant within the bacterial genome and can be replicated along with the host cell's DNA during cell division.
Differentiate from other terms: Unlike catalysts, intermediates, or precursors in chemical reactions, a prophage is a genetic element involved in the life cycle of viruses within bacterial cells.
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