Table of contents

1. A Review of General Chemistry5h 5m
2. Molecular Representations1h 14m
3. Acids and Bases2h 46m
4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes4h 17m
5. Chirality3h 39m
6. Thermodynamics and Kinetics1h 22m
7. Substitution Reactions1h 48m
8. Elimination Reactions2h 30m
9. Alkenes and Alkynes2h 9m
10. Addition Reactions3h 19m
11. Radical Reactions1h 58m
12. Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides and Thiols2h 42m
13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds2h 17m
14. Synthetic Techniques1h 26m
15. Analytical Techniques:IR, NMR, Mass Spect7h 3m
16. Conjugated Systems6h 13m
17. Ultraviolet Spectroscopy51m
18. Aromaticity2h 34m
19. Reactions of Aromatics: EAS and Beyond5h 1m
20. Phenols55m
21. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition4h 56m
22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS2h 51m
23. The Chemistry of Thioesters, Phophate Ester and Phosphate Anhydrides1h 10m
24. Enolate Chemistry: Reactions at the Alpha-Carbon1h 53m
25. Condensation Chemistry2h 9m
26. Amines1h 43m
27. Heterocycles2h 0m
28. Carbohydrates5h 53m
29. Amino Acids4h 20m
30. Peptides and Proteins2h 42m
31. Catalysis in Organic Reactions1h 30m
32. Lipids 2h 50m
33. The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways2h 52m
34. Nucleic Acids1h 32m
35. Transition Metals6h 14m
36. Synthetic Polymers1h 49m

3. Acids and Bases

Organic Chemistry Reactions

Organic Chemistry

3. Acids and Bases

Organic Chemistry Reactions

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Multiple Choice

Which of the following is a reason why food chains in ecosystems are relatively short?

Energy is lost at each trophic level, limiting the number of levels.

Producers at the base of the food chain have unlimited resources.

Nutrient recycling is more efficient in longer food chains.

Predators at the top of the food chain reproduce at a faster rate.

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Verified step by step guidance

Understand the concept of a food chain: A food chain represents the flow of energy and nutrients from one organism to another within an ecosystem.

Recognize the role of trophic levels: Each step in a food chain is called a trophic level, starting with producers (like plants) and moving up to various levels of consumers (herbivores, carnivores, etc.).

Identify the energy transfer between trophic levels: Energy is transferred from one trophic level to the next, but not all energy is efficiently passed on. Typically, only about 10% of the energy is transferred to the next level.

Consider the implications of energy loss: Due to the significant energy loss at each trophic level, there is a limit to how many levels can exist in a food chain. This is why food chains are relatively short.

Evaluate the options given: The correct reason for short food chains is the energy loss at each trophic level, which limits the number of levels. Other options do not accurately explain the length of food chains.