Table of contents

1. A Review of General Chemistry5h 5m
2. Molecular Representations1h 14m
3. Acids and Bases2h 46m
4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes4h 17m
5. Chirality3h 39m
6. Thermodynamics and Kinetics1h 22m
7. Substitution Reactions1h 48m
8. Elimination Reactions2h 30m
9. Alkenes and Alkynes2h 9m
10. Addition Reactions3h 19m
11. Radical Reactions1h 58m
12. Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides and Thiols2h 42m
13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds2h 17m
14. Synthetic Techniques1h 26m
15. Analytical Techniques:IR, NMR, Mass Spect7h 3m
16. Conjugated Systems6h 13m
17. Ultraviolet Spectroscopy51m
18. Aromaticity2h 34m
19. Reactions of Aromatics: EAS and Beyond5h 1m
20. Phenols55m
21. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition4h 56m
22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS2h 51m
23. The Chemistry of Thioesters, Phophate Ester and Phosphate Anhydrides1h 10m
24. Enolate Chemistry: Reactions at the Alpha-Carbon1h 53m
25. Condensation Chemistry2h 9m
26. Amines1h 43m
27. Heterocycles2h 0m
28. Carbohydrates5h 53m
29. Amino Acids4h 20m
30. Peptides and Proteins2h 42m
31. Catalysis in Organic Reactions1h 30m
32. Lipids 2h 50m
33. The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways2h 52m
34. Nucleic Acids1h 32m
35. Transition Metals6h 14m
36. Synthetic Polymers1h 49m

4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes

Naming Alcohols

Organic Chemistry

4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes

Naming Alcohols

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3:04 minutes

Problem 57(3,4)

Textbook Question

a. What is each compound’s systematic name?
b. Draw a skeletal structure for each condensed structure given and draw a condensed structure for each skeletal structure.
3.
4. (CH₃CH₂)₄C

Verified step by step guidance

Step 1: Analyze the given condensed structure in the image. The compound contains a chain of carbon atoms with substituents. Identify the longest continuous chain of carbon atoms to determine the parent name of the compound.

Step 2: Number the carbon atoms in the longest chain starting from the end closest to the substituent groups (methyl and hydroxyl groups) to ensure the lowest possible numbers for the substituents.

Step 3: Identify and name the substituents attached to the main chain. In this case, there is a methyl group (-CH3) and a hydroxyl group (-OH). Assign their positions based on the numbering of the main chain.

Step 4: Combine the substituent names with the parent chain name, ensuring proper placement of locants (numbers indicating positions) and using the correct suffix for the functional group (e.g., '-ol' for alcohols).

Step 5: Draw the skeletal structure for the compound by representing the carbon chain as a zigzag line and showing the substituents at their respective positions. Then, convert the skeletal structure back into a condensed structure by explicitly writing out all bonds and atoms.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Systematic Naming of Organic Compounds

Systematic naming, or IUPAC nomenclature, is a standardized method for naming organic compounds based on their structure. It involves identifying the longest carbon chain, naming substituents, and assigning locants to indicate the position of functional groups. For example, in the provided structure, the presence of an alcohol group (-OH) influences the naming, leading to the identification of the compound as an alcohol.

Skeletal Structures

Skeletal structures are simplified representations of organic molecules that depict the carbon backbone and functional groups without showing all hydrogen atoms. Each vertex represents a carbon atom, and hydrogen atoms are implied. This method allows for a clearer visualization of complex molecules, making it easier to identify functional groups and connectivity, which is essential for drawing and interpreting organic compounds.

Condensed Structures

Condensed structures provide a way to represent organic compounds in a more compact form than skeletal structures. They show the arrangement of atoms and groups in a linear format, indicating how atoms are bonded. For instance, the condensed structure (CH3CH2)4C indicates a branched alkane with four ethyl groups attached to a central carbon, which is crucial for understanding the compound's structure and reactivity.

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