Table of contents

1. A Review of General Chemistry5h 5m
2. Molecular Representations1h 14m
3. Acids and Bases2h 46m
4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes4h 17m
5. Chirality3h 39m
6. Thermodynamics and Kinetics1h 22m
7. Substitution Reactions1h 48m
8. Elimination Reactions2h 30m
9. Alkenes and Alkynes2h 9m
10. Addition Reactions3h 19m
11. Radical Reactions1h 58m
12. Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides and Thiols2h 42m
13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds2h 17m
14. Synthetic Techniques1h 26m
15. Analytical Techniques:IR, NMR, Mass Spect7h 3m
16. Conjugated Systems6h 13m
17. Ultraviolet Spectroscopy51m
18. Aromaticity2h 34m
19. Reactions of Aromatics: EAS and Beyond5h 1m
20. Phenols55m
21. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition4h 56m
22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS2h 51m
23. The Chemistry of Thioesters, Phophate Ester and Phosphate Anhydrides1h 10m
24. Enolate Chemistry: Reactions at the Alpha-Carbon1h 53m
25. Condensation Chemistry2h 9m
26. Amines1h 43m
27. Heterocycles2h 0m
28. Carbohydrates5h 53m
29. Amino Acids4h 20m
30. Peptides and Proteins2h 42m
31. Catalysis in Organic Reactions1h 30m
32. Lipids 2h 50m
33. The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways2h 52m
34. Nucleic Acids1h 32m
35. Transition Metals6h 14m
36. Synthetic Polymers1h 49m

34. Nucleic Acids

Base Pairing

Organic Chemistry

34. Nucleic Acids

Base Pairing

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Multiple Choice

What type of bond connects base pairs in DNA?

Covalent bonds

Metallic bonds

Ionic bonds

Hydrogen bonds

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Verified step by step guidance

Understand the structure of DNA: DNA is composed of two strands forming a double helix. Each strand is made up of nucleotides, which consist of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.

Identify the role of base pairs: The nitrogenous bases on each strand pair with complementary bases on the opposite strand. The base pairs are adenine (A) with thymine (T), and cytosine (C) with guanine (G).

Explore the nature of hydrogen bonds: Hydrogen bonds are weak interactions that occur between a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to an electronegative atom (like nitrogen or oxygen) and another electronegative atom. They are crucial for the stability of the DNA double helix.

Recognize the significance of hydrogen bonds in DNA: In the DNA double helix, hydrogen bonds form between the complementary nitrogenous bases (A-T and C-G), holding the two strands together.

Differentiate hydrogen bonds from other types of bonds: Covalent bonds involve sharing of electrons between atoms, metallic bonds involve a sea of electrons shared among metal atoms, and ionic bonds involve transfer of electrons from one atom to another. Hydrogen bonds are distinct as they are based on electrostatic attraction between partial charges.