Table of contents

1. A Review of General Chemistry5h 5m
2. Molecular Representations1h 14m
3. Acids and Bases2h 46m
4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes4h 17m
5. Chirality3h 39m
6. Thermodynamics and Kinetics1h 22m
7. Substitution Reactions1h 48m
8. Elimination Reactions2h 30m
9. Alkenes and Alkynes2h 9m
10. Addition Reactions3h 19m
11. Radical Reactions1h 58m
12. Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides and Thiols2h 42m
13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds2h 17m
14. Synthetic Techniques1h 26m
15. Analytical Techniques:IR, NMR, Mass Spect7h 3m
16. Conjugated Systems6h 13m
17. Ultraviolet Spectroscopy51m
18. Aromaticity2h 34m
19. Reactions of Aromatics: EAS and Beyond5h 1m
20. Phenols55m
21. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition4h 56m
22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS2h 51m
23. The Chemistry of Thioesters, Phophate Ester and Phosphate Anhydrides1h 10m
24. Enolate Chemistry: Reactions at the Alpha-Carbon1h 53m
25. Condensation Chemistry2h 9m
26. Amines1h 43m
27. Heterocycles2h 0m
28. Carbohydrates5h 53m
29. Amino Acids4h 20m
30. Peptides and Proteins2h 42m
31. Catalysis in Organic Reactions1h 30m
32. Lipids 2h 50m
33. The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways2h 52m
34. Nucleic Acids1h 32m
35. Transition Metals6h 14m
36. Synthetic Polymers1h 49m

1. A Review of General Chemistry

Intro to Organic Chemistry

Organic Chemistry

1. A Review of General Chemistry

Intro to Organic Chemistry

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Multiple Choice

Which organisms play key roles in the carbon and nitrogen cycles?

Algae

Viruses

Bacteria

Fungi

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Verified step by step guidance

Understand the carbon and nitrogen cycles: The carbon cycle involves the movement of carbon through the atmosphere, biosphere, oceans, and geosphere, while the nitrogen cycle involves the conversion of nitrogen into various chemical forms as it circulates among the atmosphere, terrestrial, and marine ecosystems.

Identify the role of bacteria in the carbon cycle: Bacteria are crucial in decomposing organic matter, which releases carbon dioxide back into the atmosphere. They also participate in processes like fermentation and methanogenesis.

Identify the role of bacteria in the nitrogen cycle: Bacteria are essential for nitrogen fixation, converting atmospheric nitrogen (N₂) into ammonia (NH₃), which can be used by plants. They also play a role in nitrification, converting ammonia into nitrites (NO₂⁻) and nitrates (NO₃⁻), and in denitrification, converting nitrates back into nitrogen gas (N₂).

Compare the roles of other organisms: Algae contribute to the carbon cycle through photosynthesis, converting carbon dioxide into organic matter. Fungi decompose organic matter, releasing carbon and participating in nutrient cycling. Viruses do not play a direct role in these cycles but can influence microbial populations.

Conclude why bacteria are key: Bacteria are involved in multiple critical processes in both the carbon and nitrogen cycles, making them indispensable for maintaining ecosystem balance and nutrient availability.