Table of contents

1. A Review of General Chemistry5h 5m
2. Molecular Representations1h 14m
3. Acids and Bases2h 46m
4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes4h 17m
5. Chirality3h 39m
6. Thermodynamics and Kinetics1h 22m
7. Substitution Reactions1h 48m
8. Elimination Reactions2h 30m
9. Alkenes and Alkynes2h 9m
10. Addition Reactions3h 19m
11. Radical Reactions1h 58m
12. Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides and Thiols2h 42m
13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds2h 17m
14. Synthetic Techniques1h 26m
15. Analytical Techniques:IR, NMR, Mass Spect7h 3m
16. Conjugated Systems6h 13m
17. Ultraviolet Spectroscopy51m
18. Aromaticity2h 34m
19. Reactions of Aromatics: EAS and Beyond5h 1m
20. Phenols55m
21. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition4h 56m
22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS2h 51m
23. The Chemistry of Thioesters, Phophate Ester and Phosphate Anhydrides1h 10m
24. Enolate Chemistry: Reactions at the Alpha-Carbon1h 53m
25. Condensation Chemistry2h 9m
26. Amines1h 43m
27. Heterocycles2h 0m
28. Carbohydrates5h 53m
29. Amino Acids4h 20m
30. Peptides and Proteins2h 42m
31. Catalysis in Organic Reactions1h 30m
32. Lipids 2h 50m
33. The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways2h 52m
34. Nucleic Acids1h 32m
35. Transition Metals6h 14m
36. Synthetic Polymers1h 49m

9. Alkenes and Alkynes

Hydrogenation of Alkynes

Organic Chemistry

9. Alkenes and Alkynes

Hydrogenation of Alkynes

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2:23 minutes

Problem 34g

Textbook Question

Show how you would accomplish the following synthetic transformations. Show all intermediates.
g. cyclodecyne → trans-cyclodecene

Verified step by step guidance

Analyze the given transformation: Identify the starting material and the target product. Determine the functional groups present in both and note any changes that occur during the transformation (e.g., addition, elimination, oxidation, reduction, or rearrangement).

Break the transformation into smaller steps: Consider the sequence of reactions required to convert the starting material into the target product. Identify any intermediates that might form during the process.

Choose appropriate reagents and conditions for each step: For example, if the transformation involves oxidation, select an oxidizing agent like PCC or KMnO4. If it involves substitution, consider nucleophiles and electrophiles.

Draw the reaction mechanism for each step: Show the movement of electrons using curved arrows. This will help you understand how bonds are broken and formed during the reaction.

Verify the overall transformation: Ensure that the intermediates and reagents used in each step logically lead to the target product. Double-check that all functional group changes are accounted for and consistent with the reaction conditions.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Synthetic Pathways

Synthetic pathways refer to the series of chemical reactions that transform starting materials into desired products. Understanding these pathways is crucial for planning synthetic routes, as they involve selecting appropriate reagents and conditions to achieve specific transformations. Each step in the pathway may involve intermediates, which are transient species formed during the reaction process.

Reaction Mechanisms

A reaction mechanism describes the step-by-step sequence of elementary reactions that occur during a chemical transformation. It provides insight into how reactants are converted into products, including the formation and breakdown of intermediates. Familiarity with mechanisms helps predict the outcome of reactions and the stability of intermediates, which is essential for successful synthesis.

Intermediates

Intermediates are species that are formed during the course of a chemical reaction but are not present in the final product. They can be stable or unstable and play a critical role in determining the reaction pathway and kinetics. Identifying and illustrating intermediates in synthetic transformations is important for understanding the overall process and for troubleshooting potential issues in synthesis.

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