Table of contents

1. A Review of General Chemistry5h 5m
2. Molecular Representations1h 14m
3. Acids and Bases2h 46m
4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes4h 17m
5. Chirality3h 39m
6. Thermodynamics and Kinetics1h 22m
7. Substitution Reactions1h 48m
8. Elimination Reactions2h 30m
9. Alkenes and Alkynes2h 9m
10. Addition Reactions3h 19m
11. Radical Reactions1h 58m
12. Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides and Thiols2h 42m
13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds2h 17m
14. Synthetic Techniques1h 26m
15. Analytical Techniques:IR, NMR, Mass Spect7h 3m
16. Conjugated Systems6h 13m
17. Ultraviolet Spectroscopy51m
18. Aromaticity2h 34m
19. Reactions of Aromatics: EAS and Beyond5h 1m
20. Phenols55m
21. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition4h 56m
22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS2h 51m
23. The Chemistry of Thioesters, Phophate Ester and Phosphate Anhydrides1h 10m
24. Enolate Chemistry: Reactions at the Alpha-Carbon1h 53m
25. Condensation Chemistry2h 9m
26. Amines1h 43m
27. Heterocycles2h 0m
28. Carbohydrates5h 53m
29. Amino Acids4h 20m
30. Peptides and Proteins2h 42m
31. Catalysis in Organic Reactions1h 30m
32. Lipids 2h 50m
33. The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways2h 52m
34. Nucleic Acids1h 32m
35. Transition Metals6h 14m
36. Synthetic Polymers1h 49m

34. Nucleic Acids

Intro to Nucleic Acids

Organic Chemistry

34. Nucleic Acids

Intro to Nucleic Acids

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Multiple Choice

What do biotechnologists use to cut DNA molecules at specific sequences?

Helicase

DNA ligase

RNA polymerase

Restriction enzymes

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Verified step by step guidance

Understand the role of restriction enzymes: Restriction enzymes are proteins used by biotechnologists to cut DNA molecules at specific sequences. They recognize specific nucleotide sequences and cleave the DNA at these sites.

Learn about the specificity of restriction enzymes: Each restriction enzyme has a unique recognition sequence, typically 4-8 base pairs long, where it will cut the DNA. This specificity allows for precise manipulation of DNA molecules.

Explore the mechanism of action: Restriction enzymes work by making a cut in the sugar-phosphate backbone of the DNA, often resulting in 'sticky ends' or 'blunt ends' depending on the enzyme used. Sticky ends have overhanging single-stranded DNA, which can be useful for ligating DNA fragments together.

Consider applications in biotechnology: Restriction enzymes are crucial in genetic engineering, cloning, and DNA analysis. They allow scientists to cut and paste DNA fragments, facilitating the study and manipulation of genes.

Differentiate from other enzymes: Helicase unwinds DNA strands, DNA ligase joins DNA fragments, and RNA polymerase synthesizes RNA from a DNA template. None of these enzymes cut DNA at specific sequences like restriction enzymes do.