Table of contents

1. A Review of General Chemistry5h 5m
2. Molecular Representations1h 14m
3. Acids and Bases2h 46m
4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes4h 17m
5. Chirality3h 39m
6. Thermodynamics and Kinetics1h 22m
7. Substitution Reactions1h 48m
8. Elimination Reactions2h 30m
9. Alkenes and Alkynes2h 9m
10. Addition Reactions3h 19m
11. Radical Reactions1h 58m
12. Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides and Thiols2h 42m
13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds2h 17m
14. Synthetic Techniques1h 26m
15. Analytical Techniques:IR, NMR, Mass Spect7h 3m
16. Conjugated Systems6h 13m
17. Ultraviolet Spectroscopy51m
18. Aromaticity2h 34m
19. Reactions of Aromatics: EAS and Beyond5h 1m
20. Phenols55m
21. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition4h 56m
22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS2h 51m
23. The Chemistry of Thioesters, Phophate Ester and Phosphate Anhydrides1h 10m
24. Enolate Chemistry: Reactions at the Alpha-Carbon1h 53m
25. Condensation Chemistry2h 9m
26. Amines1h 43m
27. Heterocycles2h 0m
28. Carbohydrates5h 53m
29. Amino Acids4h 20m
30. Peptides and Proteins2h 42m
31. Catalysis in Organic Reactions1h 30m
32. Lipids 2h 50m
33. The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways2h 52m
34. Nucleic Acids1h 32m
35. Transition Metals6h 14m
36. Synthetic Polymers1h 49m

4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes

Naming Alkenes

Organic Chemistry

4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes

Naming Alkenes

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6:04 minutes

Problem 43a

Textbook Question

Draw the molecular orbital picture of pent-1-en-3-yne.

Verified step by step guidance

Step 1: Identify the structure of pent-1-en-3-yne. This molecule contains a five-carbon chain with a double bond at the first carbon and a triple bond at the third carbon. Write the condensed structural formula as CH₂=CH-C≡C-CH₃.

Step 2: Determine the hybridization of each carbon atom. The first carbon in the double bond is sp² hybridized, the second carbon in the double bond is sp² hybridized, the third carbon in the triple bond is sp hybridized, the fourth carbon in the triple bond is sp hybridized, and the fifth carbon is sp³ hybridized.

Step 3: Draw the molecular orbitals for each bond type. For the double bond, show one σ bond formed by the overlap of sp² orbitals and one π bond formed by the overlap of unhybridized p orbitals. For the triple bond, show one σ bond formed by the overlap of sp orbitals and two π bonds formed by the overlap of unhybridized p orbitals.

Step 4: Include lone pairs and any remaining orbitals. For sp² and sp hybridized carbons, show the unhybridized p orbitals that contribute to π bonding. For sp³ hybridized carbons, show the tetrahedral arrangement of σ bonds.

Step 5: Assemble the complete molecular orbital diagram, ensuring all bonds and orbitals are represented accurately. Highlight the delocalized π system if applicable, and confirm the geometry matches the hybridization of each atom.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Molecular Orbitals

Molecular orbitals (MOs) are formed by the combination of atomic orbitals when atoms bond together. They can be classified as bonding, antibonding, or non-bonding orbitals, which influence the stability and reactivity of the molecule. Understanding MOs is crucial for visualizing electron distribution and predicting molecular properties.

Hybridization

Hybridization is the process of mixing atomic orbitals to create new hybrid orbitals that can form sigma bonds in a molecule. In pent-1-en-3-yne, the carbon atoms undergo sp2 and sp hybridization, which affects the geometry and bonding characteristics of the molecule. Recognizing the type of hybridization helps in drawing accurate molecular structures.

Alkynes and Alkenes

Alkynes and alkenes are types of unsaturated hydrocarbons characterized by the presence of triple and double bonds, respectively. Pent-1-en-3-yne contains both a double bond (alkene) and a triple bond (alkyne), which significantly influence its reactivity and physical properties. Understanding these functional groups is essential for constructing the correct molecular orbital diagram.

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