Textbook Question
Predict the hybridization of the oxygen atom in water, H2O. Draw a picture of its three-dimensional structure, and explain why its bond angle is 104.5°.
1. A Review of General Chemistry
Molecular Geometry
6:16 minutesProblem 57
Textbook Question
In pent-2-yne (CH3CCCH2CH3), there are four atoms in a straight line. Use dashed lines and wedges to draw a three-dimensional representation of this molecule, and circle the four atoms that are in a straight line.
Verified step by step guidance1
Identify the structure of pent-2-yne: The molecule is an alkyne, which means it contains a carbon-carbon triple bond. The structure is CH3-C≡C-CH2-CH3.
Determine the geometry around the triple bond: The carbon atoms involved in the triple bond (C≡C) are linear, meaning they form a straight line with a bond angle of 180 degrees.
Draw the three-dimensional structure: Start by drawing the linear portion of the molecule, which includes the carbon atoms involved in the triple bond and the adjacent carbon atoms. Use dashed lines and wedges to represent the spatial orientation of the remaining bonds. Dashed lines indicate bonds going away from the viewer, while wedges indicate bonds coming towards the viewer.
Circle the atoms in a straight line: In the structure of pent-2-yne, the four atoms in a straight line are the two carbon atoms involved in the triple bond and the two adjacent carbon atoms. Circle these atoms to highlight their linear arrangement.
Review the representation: Ensure that the three-dimensional drawing accurately reflects the linear geometry of the alkyne portion and that the spatial orientation of the other bonds is correctly depicted using dashed lines and wedges.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Molecular Geometry
Molecular geometry refers to the three-dimensional arrangement of atoms within a molecule. In organic chemistry, understanding the spatial orientation of atoms is crucial for visualizing molecular structures. For alkynes like pent-2-yne, the linear geometry around the triple bond is a key feature, as it dictates the alignment of atoms in a straight line.
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Alkyne Structure
Alkynes are hydrocarbons characterized by a carbon-carbon triple bond, which imparts a linear geometry to the bonded carbon atoms. In pent-2-yne, the triple bond between the second and third carbon atoms results in a linear arrangement of these carbons and the adjacent hydrogen atoms, forming a straight line in the molecule.
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Dash and Wedge Notation
Dash and wedge notation is a method used to depict three-dimensional molecular structures on a two-dimensional plane. Solid wedges represent bonds coming out of the plane towards the viewer, while dashed lines indicate bonds going behind the plane. This notation helps visualize the spatial arrangement of atoms, essential for identifying linear alignments in molecules like pent-2-yne.
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