Textbook Question
Identify the most acidic proton in each pair. Tell which structural features you analyzed and why you weighted them as you did in picking one answer. [Always start by drawing the conjugate base.]
(d)
3. Acids and Bases
Ranking Acidity
2:48 minutesProblem 77
Textbook Question
Consider the following drugs used to treat the indicated diseases. Would you expect the activity of these drugs to be impacted by a patient taking other medicines for acid reflux disease?
Verified step by step guidance1
Step 1: Analyze the chemical structures of the drugs provided in the image. Lovastatin, Vyvanse, Viagra, Tarceva, and aspirin all have functional groups that could be impacted by changes in pH or enzymatic activity in the stomach or liver.
Step 2: Consider the mechanism of action for acid reflux medications. These drugs often work by reducing stomach acid production, which can alter the pH of the stomach and potentially impact the solubility and absorption of other drugs.
Step 3: Evaluate the functional groups in each drug. For example, lovastatin contains ester groups that may undergo hydrolysis, Vyvanse has an amide bond, Viagra has sulfonamide and aromatic groups, Tarceva has ether and amide groups, and aspirin contains a carboxylic acid group. The activity of these functional groups can be influenced by pH changes.
Step 4: Consider the role of enzymes such as cytochrome P450 in drug metabolism. Acid reflux medications can inhibit or induce these enzymes, which may alter the metabolism of the drugs listed. For instance, lovastatin is metabolized by CYP3A4, and its activity could be impacted by enzyme inhibition.
Step 5: Conclude that the activity of these drugs could be impacted by acid reflux medications due to changes in pH affecting drug solubility and absorption, as well as potential interactions with enzymes involved in drug metabolism. Further investigation into specific drug-drug interactions would be necessary to confirm the extent of the impact.
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Video duration:
2mKey Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Drug Interactions
Drug interactions occur when the effects of one drug are altered by the presence of another drug. This can lead to increased toxicity, reduced efficacy, or unexpected side effects. Understanding how different medications interact is crucial for patient safety, especially when multiple drugs are prescribed simultaneously.
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Acid-Base Chemistry
Acid-base chemistry is fundamental in organic chemistry, particularly in how drugs are absorbed and metabolized in the body. Many drugs are weak acids or bases, and their solubility and absorption can be significantly affected by the pH of the environment, such as the stomach or intestines, which can be altered by medications for acid reflux.
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02:49The Lewis definition of acids and bases.
Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacokinetics refers to the study of how drugs move through the body, including absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion. Changes in pharmacokinetics due to other medications can affect the concentration of a drug in the bloodstream, potentially leading to therapeutic failure or increased side effects, especially in patients taking multiple medications.
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