Table of contents

1. A Review of General Chemistry5h 5m
2. Molecular Representations1h 14m
3. Acids and Bases2h 46m
4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes4h 17m
5. Chirality3h 39m
6. Thermodynamics and Kinetics1h 22m
7. Substitution Reactions1h 48m
8. Elimination Reactions2h 30m
9. Alkenes and Alkynes2h 9m
10. Addition Reactions3h 19m
11. Radical Reactions1h 58m
12. Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides and Thiols2h 42m
13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds2h 17m
14. Synthetic Techniques1h 26m
15. Analytical Techniques:IR, NMR, Mass Spect7h 3m
16. Conjugated Systems6h 13m
17. Ultraviolet Spectroscopy51m
18. Aromaticity2h 34m
19. Reactions of Aromatics: EAS and Beyond5h 1m
20. Phenols55m
21. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition4h 56m
22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS2h 51m
23. The Chemistry of Thioesters, Phophate Ester and Phosphate Anhydrides1h 10m
24. Enolate Chemistry: Reactions at the Alpha-Carbon1h 53m
25. Condensation Chemistry2h 9m
26. Amines1h 43m
27. Heterocycles2h 0m
28. Carbohydrates5h 53m
29. Amino Acids4h 20m
30. Peptides and Proteins2h 42m
31. Catalysis in Organic Reactions1h 30m
32. Lipids 2h 50m
33. The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways2h 52m
34. Nucleic Acids1h 32m
35. Transition Metals6h 14m
36. Synthetic Polymers1h 49m

6. Thermodynamics and Kinetics

Energy Diagram

Organic Chemistry

6. Thermodynamics and Kinetics

Energy Diagram

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2:22 minutes

Problem 43

Textbook Question

The bond angles in a regular polygon with n sides are equal to 180° - 360°/n
a. What are the bond angles in a regular octagon?
b. What are the bond angles in a regular nonagon?

Verified step by step guidance

Step 1: Understand the formula for bond angles in a regular polygon. The bond angle is given by the formula:

180° - \frac{360°}{n}

, where n is the number of sides of the polygon.

Step 2: For part (a), substitute n = 8 (since an octagon has 8 sides) into the formula. The bond angle becomes:

180° - \frac{360°}{8}

Step 3: Simplify the fraction

\frac{360°}{8}

to find the value of the term to subtract from 180°.

Step 4: For part (b), substitute n = 9 (since a nonagon has 9 sides) into the formula. The bond angle becomes:

180° - \frac{360°}{9}

Step 5: Simplify the fraction

\frac{360°}{9}

to find the value of the term to subtract from 180°.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Polygon Interior Angles

In geometry, the interior angles of a polygon are the angles formed between two adjacent sides. For a regular polygon, all interior angles are equal. The formula for calculating the measure of each interior angle is derived from the total sum of the interior angles, which is (n-2) × 180°, where n is the number of sides.

Regular Polygon

A regular polygon is a polygon with all sides and all angles equal. This symmetry allows for straightforward calculations of angles and side lengths. For example, in a regular octagon, all eight sides are of equal length, and all interior angles are congruent, making it easier to apply geometric formulas.

Angle Calculation Formula

The formula for calculating the bond angles in a regular polygon is given by 180° - 360°/n, where n is the number of sides. This formula accounts for the fact that as the number of sides increases, the interior angles approach 180°, resulting in a more 'circle-like' shape. This is crucial for determining the angles in polygons like octagons and nonagons.

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