Table of contents

1. A Review of General Chemistry5h 5m
2. Molecular Representations1h 14m
3. Acids and Bases2h 46m
4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes4h 17m
5. Chirality3h 39m
6. Thermodynamics and Kinetics1h 22m
7. Substitution Reactions1h 48m
8. Elimination Reactions2h 30m
9. Alkenes and Alkynes2h 9m
10. Addition Reactions3h 19m
11. Radical Reactions1h 58m
12. Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides and Thiols2h 42m
13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds2h 17m
14. Synthetic Techniques1h 26m
15. Analytical Techniques:IR, NMR, Mass Spect7h 3m
16. Conjugated Systems6h 13m
17. Ultraviolet Spectroscopy51m
18. Aromaticity2h 34m
19. Reactions of Aromatics: EAS and Beyond5h 1m
20. Phenols55m
21. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition4h 56m
22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS2h 51m
23. The Chemistry of Thioesters, Phophate Ester and Phosphate Anhydrides1h 10m
24. Enolate Chemistry: Reactions at the Alpha-Carbon1h 53m
25. Condensation Chemistry2h 9m
26. Amines1h 43m
27. Heterocycles2h 0m
28. Carbohydrates5h 53m
29. Amino Acids4h 20m
30. Peptides and Proteins2h 42m
31. Catalysis in Organic Reactions1h 30m
32. Lipids 2h 50m
33. The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways2h 52m
34. Nucleic Acids1h 32m
35. Transition Metals6h 14m
36. Synthetic Polymers1h 49m

29. Amino Acids

Amino Acid Synthesis: HVZ Method

Organic Chemistry

29. Amino Acids

Amino Acid Synthesis: HVZ Method

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Multiple Choice

Beginning from propane, select the best reagents provided to synthesize valine via the HVZ method.

7 reagents

5 reagents

6 reagents

7 reagents

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Verified step by step guidance

Start with propane and perform a halogenation reaction using Br2/hv to introduce a bromine atom, forming 2-bromopropane.

Convert 2-bromopropane to a Grignard reagent by reacting it with magnesium in ether, forming isopropylmagnesium bromide.

React the Grignard reagent with an epoxide to extend the carbon chain. The epoxide will open up, and the Grignard reagent will add to the less hindered carbon, forming an alcohol.

Oxidize the alcohol to a carboxylic acid using KMnO4, H2O. This step is crucial to introduce the carboxylic acid functional group present in valine.

Perform the HVZ (Hell-Volhard-Zelinsky) reaction on the carboxylic acid using Br2 and PBr3 to introduce a bromine atom at the alpha position, followed by treatment with NH3, H2O to replace the bromine with an amino group, forming valine.