Table of contents

1. A Review of General Chemistry5h 5m
2. Molecular Representations1h 14m
3. Acids and Bases2h 46m
4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes4h 17m
5. Chirality3h 39m
6. Thermodynamics and Kinetics1h 22m
7. Substitution Reactions1h 48m
8. Elimination Reactions2h 30m
9. Alkenes and Alkynes2h 9m
10. Addition Reactions3h 19m
11. Radical Reactions1h 58m
12. Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides and Thiols2h 42m
13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds2h 17m
14. Synthetic Techniques1h 26m
15. Analytical Techniques:IR, NMR, Mass Spect7h 3m
16. Conjugated Systems6h 13m
17. Ultraviolet Spectroscopy51m
18. Aromaticity2h 34m
19. Reactions of Aromatics: EAS and Beyond5h 1m
20. Phenols55m
21. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition4h 56m
22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS2h 51m
23. The Chemistry of Thioesters, Phophate Ester and Phosphate Anhydrides1h 10m
24. Enolate Chemistry: Reactions at the Alpha-Carbon1h 53m
25. Condensation Chemistry2h 9m
26. Amines1h 43m
27. Heterocycles2h 0m
28. Carbohydrates5h 53m
29. Amino Acids4h 20m
30. Peptides and Proteins2h 42m
31. Catalysis in Organic Reactions1h 30m
32. Lipids 2h 50m
33. The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways2h 52m
34. Nucleic Acids1h 32m
35. Transition Metals6h 14m
36. Synthetic Polymers1h 49m

2. Molecular Representations

Functional Groups

Organic Chemistry

2. Molecular Representations

Functional Groups

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3:47 minutes

Problem 26i,j

Textbook Question

Draw a Lewis structure, and classify each of the following compounds:
(i)
(j)

Verified step by step guidance

Step 1: Identify the functional groups in each compound. Compound (i) contains an ester group, characterized by a carbonyl group (C=O) adjacent to an ether linkage (C-O-C). Compound (j) contains a secondary amine group, characterized by a nitrogen atom bonded to two carbon atoms, one of which is part of a methyl group (CH₃).

Step 2: Draw the Lewis structure for compound (i). Start by drawing the carbon skeleton of the five-membered ring. Add the carbonyl group (C=O) to one of the carbon atoms, and the ether linkage (C-O-C) to the adjacent carbon atom. Ensure that each atom has a complete octet, except for hydrogen, which should have a duet.

Step 3: Draw the Lewis structure for compound (j). Begin by drawing the six-membered ring. Add the nitrogen atom to one of the carbon atoms in the ring. Attach the methyl group (CH₃) to the nitrogen atom. Ensure that each atom has a complete octet, except for hydrogen, which should have a duet.

Step 4: Classify compound (i) as an ester due to the presence of the carbonyl group adjacent to an ether linkage. Esters are characterized by the functional group RCOOR', where R and R' are hydrocarbon chains.

Step 5: Classify compound (j) as a secondary amine due to the presence of the nitrogen atom bonded to two carbon atoms. Secondary amines are characterized by the functional group R₂NH, where R represents hydrocarbon chains.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Lewis Structures

Lewis structures are diagrams that represent the bonding between atoms in a molecule and the lone pairs of electrons that may exist. They use dots to represent electrons and lines to represent bonds, allowing chemists to visualize the arrangement of atoms and the distribution of electrons. Understanding how to draw Lewis structures is essential for predicting molecular geometry and reactivity.

Functional Groups

Functional groups are specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules. They determine the properties and reactivity of organic compounds. Recognizing functional groups, such as carbonyls, alcohols, and amines, is crucial for classifying compounds and predicting their behavior in chemical reactions.

Molecular Geometry

Molecular geometry refers to the three-dimensional arrangement of atoms in a molecule. It is influenced by the number of electron pairs around the central atom, which can affect bond angles and overall shape. Understanding molecular geometry is important for predicting the physical and chemical properties of compounds, as well as their interactions with other molecules.