Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Hydroboration-Oxidation
Hydroboration-oxidation is a two-step reaction process used to convert alkenes into alcohols. In the first step, BH₃ adds to the double bond of the alkene, forming a trialkylborane intermediate. The second step involves oxidation with H₂O₂ and NaOH, which converts the boron to a hydroxyl group, yielding an alcohol. This reaction is notable for its anti-Markovnikov selectivity.
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General properties of hydroboration-oxidation.
Oxymercuration-Demercuration
Oxymercuration-demercuration is a method for converting alkenes to alcohols via mercuric acetate (Hg(OAc)₂) and sodium borohydride (NaBH₄). The alkene reacts with Hg(OAc)₂ to form a mercurial intermediate, which is then reduced by NaBH₄ to yield an alcohol. This reaction follows Markovnikov's rule, where the hydroxyl group attaches to the more substituted carbon.
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General properties of oxymercuration-reduction.
Hydration of Alkenes
The hydration of alkenes involves the addition of water across a double bond, typically catalyzed by an acid like H₂SO₄. This process results in the formation of alcohols and can follow Markovnikov's rule, where the hydrogen atom adds to the less substituted carbon. The reaction can be reversible, and the conditions can influence the product distribution.
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