Table of contents

1. A Review of General Chemistry5h 5m
2. Molecular Representations1h 14m
3. Acids and Bases2h 46m
4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes4h 17m
5. Chirality3h 39m
6. Thermodynamics and Kinetics1h 22m
7. Substitution Reactions1h 48m
8. Elimination Reactions2h 30m
9. Alkenes and Alkynes2h 9m
10. Addition Reactions3h 19m
11. Radical Reactions1h 58m
12. Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides and Thiols2h 42m
13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds2h 17m
14. Synthetic Techniques1h 26m
15. Analytical Techniques:IR, NMR, Mass Spect7h 3m
16. Conjugated Systems6h 13m
17. Ultraviolet Spectroscopy51m
18. Aromaticity2h 34m
19. Reactions of Aromatics: EAS and Beyond5h 1m
20. Phenols55m
21. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition4h 56m
22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS2h 51m
23. The Chemistry of Thioesters, Phophate Ester and Phosphate Anhydrides1h 10m
24. Enolate Chemistry: Reactions at the Alpha-Carbon1h 53m
25. Condensation Chemistry2h 9m
26. Amines1h 43m
27. Heterocycles2h 0m
28. Carbohydrates5h 53m
29. Amino Acids4h 20m
30. Peptides and Proteins2h 42m
31. Catalysis in Organic Reactions1h 30m
32. Lipids 2h 50m
33. The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways2h 52m
34. Nucleic Acids1h 32m
35. Transition Metals6h 14m
36. Synthetic Polymers1h 49m

11. Radical Reactions

Anti Markovnikov Addition of Br

Organic Chemistry

11. Radical Reactions

Anti Markovnikov Addition of Br

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7: minutes

Problem 64a

Textbook Question

What reagents are needed to carry out the following syntheses?

Verified step by step guidance

Analyze the target molecule and the starting material to determine the functional groups present and the transformations required to convert the starting material into the target molecule.

Identify the key bond-forming steps in the synthesis. For example, if a carbon-carbon bond needs to be formed, consider reactions like aldol condensation, Grignard reactions, or Wittig reactions.

Determine the reagents required for each transformation. For instance, if an alcohol needs to be oxidized to a ketone, reagents like PCC (Pyridinium chlorochromate) or Jones reagent (CrO3/H2SO4) could be used.

Consider the reaction conditions (e.g., temperature, solvent, and pH) that are compatible with the reagents and functional groups in the molecule to ensure selective transformations.

Verify the sequence of reactions to ensure that intermediate products are stable and that the overall synthesis is efficient and feasible.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Reagents in Organic Synthesis

Reagents are substances or compounds that are used in chemical reactions to facilitate the transformation of reactants into products. In organic synthesis, the choice of reagents is crucial as they determine the reaction pathway, yield, and selectivity of the desired product. Understanding the role of different reagents, such as acids, bases, oxidizing agents, and reducing agents, is essential for planning effective synthetic routes.

Reaction Mechanisms

A reaction mechanism describes the step-by-step sequence of elementary reactions by which overall chemical change occurs. It provides insight into how reactants are converted into products, including the formation and breaking of bonds. Familiarity with common mechanisms, such as nucleophilic substitution or electrophilic addition, helps predict the outcome of reactions and the necessary reagents for specific syntheses.

Functional Groups

Functional groups are specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules. Identifying functional groups is vital in organic chemistry as they dictate the reactivity and properties of compounds. Knowledge of how different functional groups interact with various reagents allows chemists to design syntheses effectively and select appropriate reagents for desired transformations.

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Related Practice

Textbook Question

Draw the major product(s) of the reaction of 1-methylcyclohexene with the following reagents, disregarding stereoisomers:

3. HBr

4. HBr/peroxide

Textbook Question

What is the major product of the reaction of 2-methyl-2-butene with each of the following reagents?

c. HBr + peroxide

d. HCl + peroxide

Textbook Question

Predict the product(s) that would result when the alkenes shown here are allowed to react under the following conditions: (iii) HBr, H₂O₂

(b)

Textbook Question

Retrosynthetic analysis is the process of working backward to develop the synthesis of a new compound. In Chapter 10, we begin developing multistep syntheses in this manner. For now, try to work backward a single step by suggesting an alkene and a reagent that would give products (a)–(i). [Your answers should not include alkenes that undergo rearrangement to give the desired products.]

(d)

Textbook Question

Show how hex-1-yne might be converted to

a. 1,2-dichlorohex-1-ene.

b. 1-bromohex-1-ene.

c. 2-bromohex-1-ene.

Textbook Question

Propose a mechanism for the following reaction:

Multiple Choice

Predict the major, organic product of the following reaction.

Multiple Choice

Predict the major, organic product of the following reaction.