Table of contents

1. A Review of General Chemistry5h 5m
2. Molecular Representations1h 14m
3. Acids and Bases2h 46m
4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes4h 17m
5. Chirality3h 39m
6. Thermodynamics and Kinetics1h 22m
7. Substitution Reactions1h 48m
8. Elimination Reactions2h 30m
9. Alkenes and Alkynes2h 9m
10. Addition Reactions3h 19m
11. Radical Reactions1h 58m
12. Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides and Thiols2h 42m
13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds2h 17m
14. Synthetic Techniques1h 26m
15. Analytical Techniques:IR, NMR, Mass Spect7h 3m
16. Conjugated Systems6h 13m
17. Ultraviolet Spectroscopy51m
18. Aromaticity2h 34m
19. Reactions of Aromatics: EAS and Beyond5h 1m
20. Phenols55m
21. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition4h 56m
22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS2h 51m
23. The Chemistry of Thioesters, Phophate Ester and Phosphate Anhydrides1h 10m
24. Enolate Chemistry: Reactions at the Alpha-Carbon1h 53m
25. Condensation Chemistry2h 9m
26. Amines1h 43m
27. Heterocycles2h 0m
28. Carbohydrates5h 53m
29. Amino Acids4h 20m
30. Peptides and Proteins2h 42m
31. Catalysis in Organic Reactions1h 30m
32. Lipids 2h 50m
33. The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways2h 52m
34. Nucleic Acids1h 32m
35. Transition Metals6h 14m
36. Synthetic Polymers1h 49m

32. Lipids

Steroids

Organic Chemistry

32. Lipids

Steroids

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Multiple Choice

How do steroid hormones differ from polypeptide hormones and most amino-acid-derived hormones in terms of their mechanism of action?

Steroid hormones are water-soluble and travel freely in the bloodstream.

Steroid hormones pass through cell membranes and bind to intracellular receptors.

Steroid hormones are derived from amino acids and act through ion channels.

Steroid hormones bind to cell surface receptors and activate second messenger systems.

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Verified step by step guidance

Understand the nature of steroid hormones: Steroid hormones are lipophilic (fat-soluble) molecules derived from cholesterol, which allows them to easily pass through the lipid bilayer of cell membranes.

Recognize the mechanism of action for steroid hormones: Once inside the cell, steroid hormones bind to specific intracellular receptors located in the cytoplasm or nucleus.

Compare with polypeptide and amino-acid-derived hormones: These hormones are generally hydrophilic (water-soluble) and cannot pass through the cell membrane. Instead, they bind to cell surface receptors.

Explore the action of polypeptide and amino-acid-derived hormones: Upon binding to cell surface receptors, these hormones typically activate second messenger systems, such as cyclic AMP (cAMP), to relay the signal inside the cell.

Summarize the key difference: The primary distinction is that steroid hormones directly interact with intracellular receptors, while polypeptide and amino-acid-derived hormones rely on cell surface receptors and second messenger pathways to exert their effects.