Table of contents

1. A Review of General Chemistry5h 5m
2. Molecular Representations1h 14m
3. Acids and Bases2h 46m
4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes4h 17m
5. Chirality3h 39m
6. Thermodynamics and Kinetics1h 22m
7. Substitution Reactions1h 48m
8. Elimination Reactions2h 30m
9. Alkenes and Alkynes2h 9m
10. Addition Reactions3h 19m
11. Radical Reactions1h 58m
12. Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides and Thiols2h 42m
13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds2h 17m
14. Synthetic Techniques1h 26m
15. Analytical Techniques:IR, NMR, Mass Spect7h 3m
16. Conjugated Systems6h 13m
17. Ultraviolet Spectroscopy51m
18. Aromaticity2h 34m
19. Reactions of Aromatics: EAS and Beyond5h 1m
20. Phenols55m
21. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition4h 56m
22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS2h 51m
23. The Chemistry of Thioesters, Phophate Ester and Phosphate Anhydrides1h 10m
24. Enolate Chemistry: Reactions at the Alpha-Carbon1h 53m
25. Condensation Chemistry2h 9m
26. Amines1h 43m
27. Heterocycles2h 0m
28. Carbohydrates5h 53m
29. Amino Acids4h 20m
30. Peptides and Proteins2h 42m
31. Catalysis in Organic Reactions1h 30m
32. Lipids 2h 50m
33. The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways2h 52m
34. Nucleic Acids1h 32m
35. Transition Metals6h 14m
36. Synthetic Polymers1h 49m

4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes

Cis vs Trans

Organic Chemistry

4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes

Cis vs Trans

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6:45 minutes

Problem 12a

Textbook Question

Draw the isomers for the following compounds and then name each one:
a. 2-methyl-2,4-hexadiene

Verified step by step guidance

Step 1: Understand the structure of the given compound, 2-methyl-2,4-hexadiene. The name indicates a six-carbon chain (hex-) with two double bonds (-diene) located at positions 2 and 4. Additionally, there is a methyl group (-CH₃) attached to the second carbon.

Step 2: Begin by drawing the parent chain, which is a six-carbon chain. Place double bonds at the specified positions: one between carbons 2 and 3, and another between carbons 4 and 5. Add the methyl group to the second carbon.

Step 3: Consider the possibility of geometric (cis/trans or E/Z) isomerism due to the presence of double bonds. For each double bond, determine whether the substituents on the carbons involved in the double bond can lead to different spatial arrangements. Draw the cis and trans (or E/Z) isomers for each double bond.

Step 4: Explore structural isomerism by rearranging the position of the methyl group or the double bonds while maintaining the molecular formula (C₇H₁₂). For example, move the methyl group to a different carbon or shift the double bonds to different positions along the chain.

Step 5: Name each isomer systematically using IUPAC nomenclature rules. Ensure that the names reflect the correct positions of the double bonds, the methyl group, and the stereochemistry (if applicable).

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Isomerism

Isomerism refers to the phenomenon where two or more compounds have the same molecular formula but different structural arrangements or spatial orientations. In organic chemistry, isomers can be classified into structural isomers, which differ in the connectivity of atoms, and stereoisomers, which have the same connectivity but differ in the arrangement of atoms in space. Understanding isomerism is crucial for identifying and naming different compounds.

Alkenes and Dienes

Alkenes are hydrocarbons that contain at least one carbon-carbon double bond, while dienes specifically have two double bonds. The presence of double bonds affects the reactivity and physical properties of these compounds. In the case of 2-methyl-2,4-hexadiene, recognizing its structure as a diene is essential for drawing its isomers and understanding its chemical behavior.

Nomenclature

Nomenclature in organic chemistry is the system of naming chemical compounds based on their structure and functional groups. The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) provides rules for naming compounds, which include identifying the longest carbon chain, numbering the chain to give the lowest possible numbers to substituents, and indicating the position of double bonds. Mastery of nomenclature is vital for accurately naming the isomers of compounds like 2-methyl-2,4-hexadiene.

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