Table of contents

1. A Review of General Chemistry5h 5m
2. Molecular Representations1h 14m
3. Acids and Bases2h 46m
4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes4h 17m
5. Chirality3h 39m
6. Thermodynamics and Kinetics1h 22m
7. Substitution Reactions1h 48m
8. Elimination Reactions2h 30m
9. Alkenes and Alkynes2h 9m
10. Addition Reactions3h 19m
11. Radical Reactions1h 58m
12. Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides and Thiols2h 42m
13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds2h 17m
14. Synthetic Techniques1h 26m
15. Analytical Techniques:IR, NMR, Mass Spect7h 3m
16. Conjugated Systems6h 13m
17. Ultraviolet Spectroscopy51m
18. Aromaticity2h 34m
19. Reactions of Aromatics: EAS and Beyond5h 1m
20. Phenols55m
21. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition4h 56m
22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS2h 51m
23. The Chemistry of Thioesters, Phophate Ester and Phosphate Anhydrides1h 10m
24. Enolate Chemistry: Reactions at the Alpha-Carbon1h 53m
25. Condensation Chemistry2h 9m
26. Amines1h 43m
27. Heterocycles2h 0m
28. Carbohydrates5h 53m
29. Amino Acids4h 20m
30. Peptides and Proteins2h 42m
31. Catalysis in Organic Reactions1h 30m
32. Lipids 2h 50m
33. The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways2h 52m
34. Nucleic Acids1h 32m
35. Transition Metals6h 14m
36. Synthetic Polymers1h 49m

3. Acids and Bases

Reaction Mechanism

Organic Chemistry

3. Acids and Bases

Reaction Mechanism

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2:53 minutes

Problem 20c(a)

Textbook Question

The following reaction steps are shown using conventional electron pushing. (a) Draw the second product whose formation would have been rationalized with this same arrow.
(c)

Verified step by step guidance

Analyze the given reaction and identify the starting material, the reagents, and the product formed in the first step. This will help you understand the mechanism and the electron flow.

Examine the electron-pushing arrows provided in the reaction. These arrows indicate the movement of electrons, which can help you deduce the intermediate or second product formed.

Determine the type of reaction mechanism involved (e.g., nucleophilic substitution, elimination, addition, etc.) based on the electron flow and the functional groups present in the starting material.

Use the electron-pushing arrows to predict the structure of the second product. Pay attention to bond formation and bond breaking as indicated by the arrows.

Draw the structure of the second product, ensuring that it is consistent with the electron-pushing mechanism and the chemical logic of the reaction.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Electron Pushing Mechanism

The electron pushing mechanism, often depicted using curved arrows, illustrates the movement of electron pairs during chemical reactions. This method helps visualize how nucleophiles attack electrophiles and how bonds are formed or broken. Understanding this mechanism is crucial for predicting the products of reactions and rationalizing the steps involved.

Reaction Intermediates

Reaction intermediates are transient species formed during the conversion of reactants to products. They are often unstable and exist only for a short duration. Identifying these intermediates is essential for understanding the reaction pathway and predicting the final products, as they can significantly influence the reaction's outcome.

Product Stability

The stability of reaction products is determined by factors such as sterics, electronics, and resonance. More stable products are generally favored in chemical reactions, as they are lower in energy. Analyzing product stability helps in rationalizing which products are likely to form and in understanding the driving forces behind the reaction.

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