Table of contents

1. A Review of General Chemistry5h 5m
2. Molecular Representations1h 14m
3. Acids and Bases2h 46m
4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes4h 17m
5. Chirality3h 39m
6. Thermodynamics and Kinetics1h 22m
7. Substitution Reactions1h 48m
8. Elimination Reactions2h 30m
9. Alkenes and Alkynes2h 9m
10. Addition Reactions3h 19m
11. Radical Reactions1h 58m
12. Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides and Thiols2h 42m
13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds2h 17m
14. Synthetic Techniques1h 26m
15. Analytical Techniques:IR, NMR, Mass Spect7h 3m
16. Conjugated Systems6h 13m
17. Ultraviolet Spectroscopy51m
18. Aromaticity2h 34m
19. Reactions of Aromatics: EAS and Beyond5h 1m
20. Phenols55m
21. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition4h 56m
22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS2h 51m
23. The Chemistry of Thioesters, Phophate Ester and Phosphate Anhydrides1h 10m
24. Enolate Chemistry: Reactions at the Alpha-Carbon1h 53m
25. Condensation Chemistry2h 9m
26. Amines1h 43m
27. Heterocycles2h 0m
28. Carbohydrates5h 53m
29. Amino Acids4h 20m
30. Peptides and Proteins2h 42m
31. Catalysis in Organic Reactions1h 30m
32. Lipids 2h 50m
33. The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways2h 52m
34. Nucleic Acids1h 32m
35. Transition Metals6h 14m
36. Synthetic Polymers1h 49m

2. Molecular Representations

Functional Groups

Organic Chemistry

2. Molecular Representations

Functional Groups

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2:24 minutes

Problem 16b

Textbook Question

When we begin studying functional groups, the designation of substitution will be especially important. Label the following bromoalkanes as 1° , 2°, 3°, or 4° based on the carbon to which the bromine is attached.
(b)

Verified step by step guidance

Identify the carbon atom to which the bromine (Br) atom is directly attached in the given bromoalkane structure.

Determine how many other carbon atoms are directly bonded to this carbon atom. This will help classify the substitution level of the carbon.

Use the following rules for classification: (1) If the carbon attached to Br is bonded to only one other carbon, it is 1° (primary). (2) If it is bonded to two other carbons, it is 2° (secondary). (3) If it is bonded to three other carbons, it is 3° (tertiary). (4) If it is bonded to four other carbons, it is 4° (quaternary).

Label the bromoalkane as 1°, 2°, 3°, or 4° based on the substitution level of the carbon to which Br is attached.

Double-check the structure to ensure the correct classification and confirm that no other functional groups or substituents affect the designation.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Functional Groups

Functional groups are specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules. In organic chemistry, they determine the properties and reactivity of compounds. Understanding functional groups is essential for identifying how different molecules will behave in chemical reactions.

Degree of Substitution

The degree of substitution refers to the classification of carbon atoms based on the number of other carbon atoms they are bonded to. A carbon atom can be classified as primary (1°), secondary (2°), tertiary (3°), or quaternary (4°) depending on whether it is attached to one, two, three, or four other carbon atoms, respectively. This classification is crucial for predicting the reactivity and stability of organic compounds.

Bromoalkanes

Bromoalkanes are a class of organic compounds that contain a bromine atom attached to an alkane chain. The position of the bromine atom relative to the carbon skeleton influences the compound's reactivity and properties. Identifying the degree of substitution in bromoalkanes is important for understanding their behavior in reactions, particularly in nucleophilic substitution processes.

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1:49m