Table of contents

1. A Review of General Chemistry5h 5m
2. Molecular Representations1h 14m
3. Acids and Bases2h 46m
4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes4h 17m
5. Chirality3h 39m
6. Thermodynamics and Kinetics1h 22m
7. Substitution Reactions1h 48m
8. Elimination Reactions2h 30m
9. Alkenes and Alkynes2h 9m
10. Addition Reactions3h 19m
11. Radical Reactions1h 58m
12. Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides and Thiols2h 42m
13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds2h 17m
14. Synthetic Techniques1h 26m
15. Analytical Techniques:IR, NMR, Mass Spect7h 3m
16. Conjugated Systems6h 13m
17. Ultraviolet Spectroscopy51m
18. Aromaticity2h 34m
19. Reactions of Aromatics: EAS and Beyond5h 1m
20. Phenols55m
21. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition4h 56m
22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS2h 51m
23. The Chemistry of Thioesters, Phophate Ester and Phosphate Anhydrides1h 10m
24. Enolate Chemistry: Reactions at the Alpha-Carbon1h 53m
25. Condensation Chemistry2h 9m
26. Amines1h 43m
27. Heterocycles2h 0m
28. Carbohydrates5h 53m
29. Amino Acids4h 20m
30. Peptides and Proteins2h 42m
31. Catalysis in Organic Reactions1h 30m
32. Lipids 2h 50m
33. The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways2h 52m
34. Nucleic Acids1h 32m
35. Transition Metals6h 14m
36. Synthetic Polymers1h 49m

21. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition

Imine vs Enamine

Organic Chemistry

21. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition

Imine vs Enamine

Previous problemNext problem

3:22 minutes

Problem 39(2)

Textbook Question

Which of the following are a. hemiacetals? b. acetals? c. hydrates?
2.

Verified step by step guidance

Step 1: Understand the definitions of the terms provided in the question. A hemiacetal contains one -OR group and one -OH group attached to the same carbon atom. An acetal contains two -OR groups attached to the same carbon atom. A hydrate contains two -OH groups attached to the same carbon atom.

Step 2: Analyze the given structure in the image. The central carbon atom is bonded to two -OR groups (methoxy groups, -OCH3) and two alkyl groups. There is no -OH group present in the structure.

Step 3: Compare the structure to the definitions. Since the central carbon atom has two -OR groups and no -OH group, this structure fits the definition of an acetal.

Step 4: Confirm that the structure does not fit the definitions of a hemiacetal or a hydrate. A hemiacetal would require one -OR group and one -OH group, and a hydrate would require two -OH groups, neither of which are present in this structure.

Step 5: Conclude that the given structure is an acetal and does not qualify as a hemiacetal or a hydrate.

Verified video answer for a similar problem:

This video solution was recommended by our tutors as helpful for the problem above

Video duration:

Play a video:

Was this helpful?

Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Hemiacetals

Hemiacetals are formed when an aldehyde or ketone reacts with an alcohol, resulting in a compound that contains both an alcohol and an ether functional group. They typically have one -OH group and one -O-alkyl group attached to the same carbon atom. Hemiacetals are often intermediates in the formation of acetals and can be identified by their structure, which includes a carbon atom bonded to both an alcohol and an alkoxy group.

Acetals

Acetals are derived from hemiacetals through a reaction with an additional alcohol, leading to a compound that has two -O-alkyl groups attached to the same carbon atom. They are stable under neutral conditions and are characterized by their resistance to hydrolysis compared to hemiacetals. Acetals play a significant role in organic synthesis and can be used to protect carbonyl groups during chemical reactions.

Hydrates

Hydrates are formed when water adds to a carbonyl compound, such as an aldehyde or ketone, resulting in a molecule that contains a hydroxyl group (-OH) and a carbon atom. This process is known as hydration and leads to the formation of a geminal diol, where two hydroxyl groups are attached to the same carbon. Hydrates are often less stable than their carbonyl precursors and can revert back to the original carbonyl compound under certain conditions.

Watch next

Master General Reactions with a bite sized video explanation from Johnny

Start learning