Table of contents

1. A Review of General Chemistry5h 5m
2. Molecular Representations1h 14m
3. Acids and Bases2h 46m
4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes4h 17m
5. Chirality3h 39m
6. Thermodynamics and Kinetics1h 22m
7. Substitution Reactions1h 48m
8. Elimination Reactions2h 30m
9. Alkenes and Alkynes2h 9m
10. Addition Reactions3h 19m
11. Radical Reactions1h 58m
12. Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides and Thiols2h 42m
13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds2h 17m
14. Synthetic Techniques1h 26m
15. Analytical Techniques:IR, NMR, Mass Spect7h 3m
16. Conjugated Systems6h 13m
17. Ultraviolet Spectroscopy51m
18. Aromaticity2h 34m
19. Reactions of Aromatics: EAS and Beyond5h 1m
20. Phenols55m
21. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition4h 56m
22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS2h 51m
23. The Chemistry of Thioesters, Phophate Ester and Phosphate Anhydrides1h 10m
24. Enolate Chemistry: Reactions at the Alpha-Carbon1h 53m
25. Condensation Chemistry2h 9m
26. Amines1h 43m
27. Heterocycles2h 0m
28. Carbohydrates5h 53m
29. Amino Acids4h 20m
30. Peptides and Proteins2h 42m
31. Catalysis in Organic Reactions1h 30m
32. Lipids 2h 50m
33. The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways2h 52m
34. Nucleic Acids1h 32m
35. Transition Metals6h 14m
36. Synthetic Polymers1h 49m

18. Aromaticity

Naming Benzene Rings

Organic Chemistry

18. Aromaticity

Naming Benzene Rings

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2:58 minutes

Problem 33e,f

Textbook Question

What is each compound's systematic name?
e.
f.

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Step 1: Analyze the structure in image A. It is a six-membered ring with alternating double bonds, which is characteristic of benzene. Benzene is the simplest aromatic compound.

Step 2: For compound A, confirm that there are no substituents or additional functional groups attached to the benzene ring. This means the systematic name for compound A is simply 'benzene.'

Step 3: Analyze the structure in image B. It is a benzene ring with two substituents: one methyl group (CH₃) attached to the first carbon and another methyl group attached to the second carbon.

Step 4: Determine the numbering of the substituents in compound B. Since the substituents are adjacent, the numbering starts at one of the methyl groups and proceeds to the next carbon. This makes the substituents at positions 1 and 2.

Step 5: Combine the substituent names with the benzene ring. The systematic name for compound B is '1,2-dimethylbenzene,' which is also commonly known as 'o-xylene' (ortho-xylene).

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Benzene Structure

Benzene is a fundamental aromatic hydrocarbon characterized by its six carbon atoms arranged in a ring, with alternating double bonds. This structure allows for resonance, where the electrons are delocalized, contributing to its stability and unique chemical properties. Understanding benzene's structure is crucial for naming and identifying derivatives.

Substituent Naming

In organic chemistry, substituents are atoms or groups that replace hydrogen atoms in a hydrocarbon. The systematic naming of compounds involves identifying these substituents and their positions on the parent hydrocarbon chain. For example, in compound B, the presence of methyl groups (–CH3) attached to the benzene ring influences the compound's name and classification.

IUPAC Nomenclature

The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) provides a systematic method for naming organic compounds. This nomenclature includes rules for identifying the longest carbon chain, numbering the carbon atoms, and naming substituents based on their position. Mastery of IUPAC rules is essential for accurately determining the systematic names of compounds like those shown in the image.

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Textbook Question

Identify the following halogen-containing compounds as a haloalkane, haloalkene, or haloarene.

(c)

Textbook Question

Identify the following halogen-containing compounds as a haloalkane, haloalkene, or haloarene.

(d)

Textbook Question

Draw a condensed structure and a skeletal structure for each of the following:

h. 5,5-dibromo-2-methyloctane

Textbook Question

Give the systematic (IUPAC) names of the following alkenes.

(f)

(g)

Textbook Question

For each compound,

(1) classify the nitrogen-containing functional groups.

(2) provide an acceptable name.

(g)

(h)

Textbook Question

Give a systematic name and a common name (if it has one) for each of the following amines and indicate whether each is a primary, secondary, or tertiary amine:

Textbook Question

Give a systematic name and a common name (if it has one) for each of the following amines and indicate whether each is a primary, secondary, or tertiary amine:

Textbook Question

Give correct names for the following amines:

(a)

(b)

(c)

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