Table of contents

1. A Review of General Chemistry5h 5m
2. Molecular Representations1h 14m
3. Acids and Bases2h 46m
4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes4h 17m
5. Chirality3h 39m
6. Thermodynamics and Kinetics1h 22m
7. Substitution Reactions1h 48m
8. Elimination Reactions2h 30m
9. Alkenes and Alkynes2h 9m
10. Addition Reactions3h 19m
11. Radical Reactions1h 58m
12. Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides and Thiols2h 42m
13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds2h 17m
14. Synthetic Techniques1h 26m
15. Analytical Techniques:IR, NMR, Mass Spect7h 3m
16. Conjugated Systems6h 13m
17. Ultraviolet Spectroscopy51m
18. Aromaticity2h 34m
19. Reactions of Aromatics: EAS and Beyond5h 1m
20. Phenols55m
21. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition4h 56m
22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS2h 51m
23. The Chemistry of Thioesters, Phophate Ester and Phosphate Anhydrides1h 10m
24. Enolate Chemistry: Reactions at the Alpha-Carbon1h 53m
25. Condensation Chemistry2h 9m
26. Amines1h 43m
27. Heterocycles2h 0m
28. Carbohydrates5h 53m
29. Amino Acids4h 20m
30. Peptides and Proteins2h 42m
31. Catalysis in Organic Reactions1h 30m
32. Lipids 2h 50m
33. The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways2h 52m
34. Nucleic Acids1h 32m
35. Transition Metals6h 14m
36. Synthetic Polymers1h 49m

10. Addition Reactions

Hydrogenation

Organic Chemistry

10. Addition Reactions

Hydrogenation

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1:32 minutes

Problem 59e

Textbook Question

At the beginning of Chapter 9, we stated that after finishing Chapters 8 and 9, we would have the ability to make a large variety of functional groups using related reactions. Show the reagent(s) necessary to convert 1-isobutylcyclohexene into the following molecules.
(e)

Verified step by step guidance

Step 1: Analyze the structure of 1-isobutylcyclohexene. It contains a cyclohexene ring with a double bond and an isobutyl group attached to the ring. Identify the functional group transformation required to obtain the target molecule.

Step 2: Determine the type of reaction needed to achieve the transformation. For example, if the target molecule involves the addition of a functional group to the double bond, consider reactions such as hydroboration-oxidation, halogenation, or epoxidation.

Step 3: Select the appropriate reagent(s) for the reaction. For instance, if the target molecule requires the formation of an alcohol, hydroboration-oxidation can be performed using BH₃·THF followed by H₂O₂/NaOH.

Step 4: Write the reaction mechanism to understand how the reagent(s) interact with the starting material. This includes identifying the regioselectivity and stereoselectivity of the reaction, if applicable.

Step 5: Verify that the product formed matches the target molecule. If necessary, adjust the reaction conditions or reagents to achieve the desired transformation.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Functional Groups

Functional groups are specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules. Understanding functional groups is essential in organic chemistry as they dictate the reactivity and properties of compounds. Examples include hydroxyl (-OH), carboxyl (-COOH), and amine (-NH2) groups, each influencing how a molecule interacts with others.

Reagents in Organic Reactions

Reagents are substances that are added to a system to bring about a chemical reaction or to see if a reaction occurs. In organic chemistry, different reagents are used to facilitate transformations, such as oxidation, reduction, or substitution. Knowing the appropriate reagents for specific transformations is crucial for synthesizing desired products from starting materials.

Reaction Mechanisms

Reaction mechanisms describe the step-by-step process by which reactants are converted into products. Understanding these mechanisms helps predict the outcome of reactions and the conditions required for them. Key concepts include nucleophiles, electrophiles, and intermediates, which play significant roles in determining how and why a reaction proceeds in a particular way.

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Related Practice

Textbook Question

Predict the product(s) that would result when the alkenes are allowed to react under the following conditions: (ix) H₂, Pd/C;

(h)

Textbook Question

Predict the product(s) that would result when the alkenes are allowed to react under the following conditions: (x) D₂, Pd/C.

(h)

Textbook Question

Predict the product(s) that would result when the alkenes are allowed to react under the following conditions: (ix) H₂, Pd/C

(k)

Textbook Question

Predict the product(s) that would result when the alkenes are allowed to react under the following conditions: (x) D₂ , Pd/C.

(k)

Textbook Question

The chiral catalyst (R)-BINAP(COD)RhOTf was used in a hydrogenation reaction as part of the synthesis of fragment C of indinavir. Using the same alkene, predict the product that would be obtained if (S)-BINAP(COD)RhOTf were used instead.

Textbook Question

On a per alkene basis, which would have the more negative heat of hydrogenation?

Textbook Question

Identify the product when each of the following reactions is performed on the triglyceride of linoleic acid (linoleate).

(b) H₂ , Ni (partial hydrogenation)

Textbook Question

Predict the product(s) that would result when the alkenes are allowed to react under the following conditions: (ix) H₂, Pd/C; and (x) D₂ , Pd/C.

(e)

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At the beginning of Chapter 9, we stated that after finishing Chapters 8 and 9, we would have the ability to make a large variety of functional groups using related reactions. Show the reagent(s) necessary to convert 1-isobutylcyclohexene into the following molecules. (e)

Key Concepts

Functional Groups

Reagents in Organic Reactions

Reaction Mechanisms

Watch next

At the beginning of Chapter 9, we stated that after finishing Chapters 8 and 9, we would have the ability to make a large variety of functional groups using related reactions. Show the reagent(s) necessary to convert 1-isobutylcyclohexene into the following molecules.
(e)