Table of contents

1. A Review of General Chemistry5h 5m
2. Molecular Representations1h 14m
3. Acids and Bases2h 46m
4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes4h 17m
5. Chirality3h 39m
6. Thermodynamics and Kinetics1h 22m
7. Substitution Reactions1h 48m
8. Elimination Reactions2h 30m
9. Alkenes and Alkynes2h 9m
10. Addition Reactions3h 19m
11. Radical Reactions1h 58m
12. Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides and Thiols2h 42m
13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds2h 17m
14. Synthetic Techniques1h 26m
15. Analytical Techniques:IR, NMR, Mass Spect7h 3m
16. Conjugated Systems6h 13m
17. Ultraviolet Spectroscopy51m
18. Aromaticity2h 34m
19. Reactions of Aromatics: EAS and Beyond5h 1m
20. Phenols55m
21. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition4h 56m
22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS2h 51m
23. The Chemistry of Thioesters, Phophate Ester and Phosphate Anhydrides1h 10m
24. Enolate Chemistry: Reactions at the Alpha-Carbon1h 53m
25. Condensation Chemistry2h 9m
26. Amines1h 43m
27. Heterocycles2h 0m
28. Carbohydrates5h 53m
29. Amino Acids4h 20m
30. Peptides and Proteins2h 42m
31. Catalysis in Organic Reactions1h 30m
32. Lipids 2h 50m
33. The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways2h 52m
34. Nucleic Acids1h 32m
35. Transition Metals6h 14m
36. Synthetic Polymers1h 49m

1. A Review of General Chemistry

Hybridization

Organic Chemistry

1. A Review of General Chemistry

Hybridization

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Multiple Choice

What kind of atom is sp hybridized?

Any carbon with a positive charge

Any carbon with 1 s and 1 p orbital

Any carbon with two bonds

Any triply bonded carbon

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Verified step by step guidance

Understand the concept of hybridization: Hybridization is the process of mixing atomic orbitals to form new hybrid orbitals suitable for the pairing of electrons to form chemical bonds in molecular compounds.

Identify the types of hybridization: Common types include sp, sp2, and sp3 hybridization. Each type corresponds to a different geometry and number of bonds.

Focus on sp hybridization: In sp hybridization, one s orbital and one p orbital mix to form two equivalent sp hybrid orbitals. This results in a linear geometry.

Recognize the characteristics of sp hybridized atoms: An atom that is sp hybridized typically forms two sigma bonds and has two unhybridized p orbitals that can form pi bonds.

Apply this to carbon atoms: A carbon atom that is sp hybridized will have a linear geometry and is often involved in forming triple bonds, such as in alkynes, where one sigma bond and two pi bonds are formed.