Table of contents

1. A Review of General Chemistry5h 5m
2. Molecular Representations1h 14m
3. Acids and Bases2h 46m
4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes4h 17m
5. Chirality3h 39m
6. Thermodynamics and Kinetics1h 22m
7. Substitution Reactions1h 48m
8. Elimination Reactions2h 30m
9. Alkenes and Alkynes2h 9m
10. Addition Reactions3h 19m
11. Radical Reactions1h 58m
12. Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides and Thiols2h 42m
13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds2h 17m
14. Synthetic Techniques1h 26m
15. Analytical Techniques:IR, NMR, Mass Spect7h 3m
16. Conjugated Systems6h 13m
17. Ultraviolet Spectroscopy51m
18. Aromaticity2h 34m
19. Reactions of Aromatics: EAS and Beyond5h 1m
20. Phenols55m
21. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition4h 56m
22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS2h 51m
23. The Chemistry of Thioesters, Phophate Ester and Phosphate Anhydrides1h 10m
24. Enolate Chemistry: Reactions at the Alpha-Carbon1h 53m
25. Condensation Chemistry2h 9m
26. Amines1h 43m
27. Heterocycles2h 0m
28. Carbohydrates5h 53m
29. Amino Acids4h 20m
30. Peptides and Proteins2h 42m
31. Catalysis in Organic Reactions1h 30m
32. Lipids 2h 50m
33. The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways2h 52m
34. Nucleic Acids1h 32m
35. Transition Metals6h 14m
36. Synthetic Polymers1h 49m

29. Amino Acids

Proteins and Amino Acids

Organic Chemistry

29. Amino Acids

Proteins and Amino Acids

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Multiple Choice

Why do some kinds of point mutations generally result in greater changes in proteins than others?

Because they lead to a frameshift, altering the entire amino acid sequence.

Because they only affect the secondary structure of proteins.

Because they occur in non-coding regions of the DNA.

Because they always result in the addition of a stop codon.

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Verified step by step guidance

Understand the concept of point mutations: Point mutations are changes in a single nucleotide base pair in the DNA sequence. They can be classified into different types, such as silent, missense, nonsense, and frameshift mutations.

Explore the impact of frameshift mutations: Frameshift mutations occur when nucleotide insertions or deletions are not in multiples of three, leading to a shift in the reading frame of the genetic code. This alters the entire amino acid sequence downstream from the mutation, often resulting in significant changes in the protein structure and function.

Compare with other types of mutations: Silent mutations do not change the amino acid sequence due to the redundancy of the genetic code. Missense mutations result in a single amino acid change, which may or may not affect protein function. Nonsense mutations introduce a premature stop codon, truncating the protein.

Consider mutations in non-coding regions: Mutations in non-coding regions generally do not affect the protein directly, as these regions do not code for amino acids. However, they can affect gene regulation and expression.

Evaluate the addition of a stop codon: Mutations that result in the addition of a stop codon (nonsense mutations) can lead to truncated proteins, which may be nonfunctional or have altered function, but they do not typically alter the entire amino acid sequence like frameshift mutations do.