Multiple Choice
In the context of catalysis, what role do enzymes play in living organisms, and which factor primarily affects their function?
31. Catalysis in Organic Reactions
Introduction to Catalysis
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How does an enzyme lower the activation energy barrier in a chemical reaction?
A
By changing the equilibrium position of the reaction
B
By providing an alternative reaction pathway with a lower activation energy
C
By increasing the temperature of the reaction
D
By increasing the concentration of reactants
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand the concept of activation energy: Activation energy is the minimum energy required for a chemical reaction to occur. Enzymes lower this energy barrier, making it easier for the reaction to proceed.
Recognize the role of enzymes: Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up reactions without being consumed. They achieve this by providing an alternative pathway with a lower activation energy.
Explore how enzymes provide an alternative pathway: Enzymes bind to substrates and stabilize the transition state, reducing the energy required to reach it. This is often depicted as a lower peak in the energy profile of the reaction.
Consider the effect on reaction rate: By lowering the activation energy, enzymes increase the rate of reaction, allowing it to proceed faster under the same conditions.
Clarify misconceptions: Enzymes do not change the equilibrium position of a reaction, nor do they increase the temperature or concentration of reactants. Their primary function is to lower the activation energy.
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