Table of contents

1. A Review of General Chemistry5h 5m
2. Molecular Representations1h 14m
3. Acids and Bases2h 46m
4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes4h 17m
5. Chirality3h 39m
6. Thermodynamics and Kinetics1h 22m
7. Substitution Reactions1h 48m
8. Elimination Reactions2h 30m
9. Alkenes and Alkynes2h 9m
10. Addition Reactions3h 19m
11. Radical Reactions1h 58m
12. Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides and Thiols2h 42m
13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds2h 17m
14. Synthetic Techniques1h 26m
15. Analytical Techniques:IR, NMR, Mass Spect7h 3m
16. Conjugated Systems6h 13m
17. Ultraviolet Spectroscopy51m
18. Aromaticity2h 34m
19. Reactions of Aromatics: EAS and Beyond5h 1m
20. Phenols55m
21. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition4h 56m
22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS2h 51m
23. The Chemistry of Thioesters, Phophate Ester and Phosphate Anhydrides1h 10m
24. Enolate Chemistry: Reactions at the Alpha-Carbon1h 53m
25. Condensation Chemistry2h 9m
26. Amines1h 43m
27. Heterocycles2h 0m
28. Carbohydrates5h 53m
29. Amino Acids4h 20m
30. Peptides and Proteins2h 42m
31. Catalysis in Organic Reactions1h 30m
32. Lipids 2h 50m
33. The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways2h 52m
34. Nucleic Acids1h 32m
35. Transition Metals6h 14m
36. Synthetic Polymers1h 49m

2. Molecular Representations

Functional Groups

Organic Chemistry

2. Molecular Representations

Functional Groups

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Multiple Choice

How does carbon's high valence contribute to its ability to form large and complex biomolecules?

Carbon's high valence results in weak bonds, which are unsuitable for forming stable biomolecules.

Carbon's high valence limits it to forming only single bonds, restricting the complexity of biomolecules.

Carbon's high valence means it can only bond with hydrogen, limiting the diversity of biomolecules.

Carbon's high valence allows it to form up to four covalent bonds, enabling the creation of complex structures.

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Verified step by step guidance

Understand the concept of valence: Valence refers to the ability of an atom to form bonds with other atoms. Carbon has a valence of four, meaning it can form four covalent bonds.

Recognize the significance of carbon's tetravalency: Carbon's ability to form four covalent bonds allows it to connect with a variety of other atoms, including hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and other carbon atoms.

Explore the types of bonds carbon can form: Carbon can form single, double, and triple bonds, which contributes to the diversity and complexity of organic molecules.

Consider the structural implications: The ability to form multiple bonds allows carbon to create chains, branches, and rings, leading to a vast array of possible structures.

Conclude with the impact on biomolecules: Carbon's high valence and bonding versatility are fundamental to the formation of large and complex biomolecules, such as proteins, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates.