Table of contents

1. A Review of General Chemistry5h 5m
2. Molecular Representations1h 14m
3. Acids and Bases2h 46m
4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes4h 17m
5. Chirality3h 39m
6. Thermodynamics and Kinetics1h 22m
7. Substitution Reactions1h 48m
8. Elimination Reactions2h 30m
9. Alkenes and Alkynes2h 9m
10. Addition Reactions3h 19m
11. Radical Reactions1h 58m
12. Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides and Thiols2h 42m
13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds2h 17m
14. Synthetic Techniques1h 26m
15. Analytical Techniques:IR, NMR, Mass Spect7h 3m
16. Conjugated Systems6h 13m
17. Ultraviolet Spectroscopy51m
18. Aromaticity2h 34m
19. Reactions of Aromatics: EAS and Beyond5h 1m
20. Phenols55m
21. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition4h 56m
22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS2h 51m
23. The Chemistry of Thioesters, Phophate Ester and Phosphate Anhydrides1h 10m
24. Enolate Chemistry: Reactions at the Alpha-Carbon1h 53m
25. Condensation Chemistry2h 9m
26. Amines1h 43m
27. Heterocycles2h 0m
28. Carbohydrates5h 53m
29. Amino Acids4h 20m
30. Peptides and Proteins2h 42m
31. Catalysis in Organic Reactions1h 30m
32. Lipids 2h 50m
33. The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways2h 52m
34. Nucleic Acids1h 32m
35. Transition Metals6h 14m
36. Synthetic Polymers1h 49m

1. A Review of General Chemistry

Intro to Organic Chemistry

Organic Chemistry

1. A Review of General Chemistry

Intro to Organic Chemistry

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Multiple Choice

In the Calvin cycle, why is it necessary to regenerate ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP)?

To increase the concentration of ATP in the chloroplast.

To provide energy for the synthesis of glucose.

To facilitate the transport of electrons in the electron transport chain.

To maintain the cycle's ability to fix carbon dioxide continuously.

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Verified step by step guidance

Understand the role of the Calvin cycle: The Calvin cycle is a series of biochemical reactions that occur in the stroma of chloroplasts in photosynthetic organisms. Its primary function is to fix carbon dioxide into organic molecules, ultimately producing glucose.

Identify the importance of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP): RuBP is a 5-carbon sugar that acts as a substrate for the enzyme ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCO), which catalyzes the first major step of carbon fixation in the Calvin cycle.

Recognize the need for regeneration of RuBP: During the Calvin cycle, RuBP is consumed when it reacts with carbon dioxide. To keep the cycle running continuously, RuBP must be regenerated so that it can continue to accept carbon dioxide molecules.

Explore the regeneration process: The regeneration of RuBP involves a series of reactions that rearrange and convert the carbon skeletons of intermediate molecules formed during the cycle. This process requires ATP and NADPH, which are produced during the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis.

Conclude the necessity of RuBP regeneration: Without the regeneration of RuBP, the Calvin cycle would halt, preventing the continuous fixation of carbon dioxide and the synthesis of glucose. Thus, regenerating RuBP is crucial for maintaining the cycle's ability to fix carbon dioxide continuously.