Table of contents

1. A Review of General Chemistry5h 5m
2. Molecular Representations1h 14m
3. Acids and Bases2h 46m
4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes4h 17m
5. Chirality3h 39m
6. Thermodynamics and Kinetics1h 22m
7. Substitution Reactions1h 48m
8. Elimination Reactions2h 30m
9. Alkenes and Alkynes2h 9m
10. Addition Reactions3h 19m
11. Radical Reactions1h 58m
12. Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides and Thiols2h 42m
13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds2h 17m
14. Synthetic Techniques1h 26m
15. Analytical Techniques:IR, NMR, Mass Spect7h 3m
16. Conjugated Systems6h 13m
17. Ultraviolet Spectroscopy51m
18. Aromaticity2h 34m
19. Reactions of Aromatics: EAS and Beyond5h 1m
20. Phenols55m
21. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition4h 56m
22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS2h 51m
23. The Chemistry of Thioesters, Phophate Ester and Phosphate Anhydrides1h 10m
24. Enolate Chemistry: Reactions at the Alpha-Carbon1h 53m
25. Condensation Chemistry2h 9m
26. Amines1h 43m
27. Heterocycles2h 0m
28. Carbohydrates5h 53m
29. Amino Acids4h 20m
30. Peptides and Proteins2h 42m
31. Catalysis in Organic Reactions1h 30m
32. Lipids 2h 50m
33. The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways2h 52m
34. Nucleic Acids1h 32m
35. Transition Metals6h 14m
36. Synthetic Polymers1h 49m

3. Acids and Bases

Acid Base Equilibrium

Organic Chemistry

3. Acids and Bases

Acid Base Equilibrium

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Multiple Choice

Which of the following conditions is required for maintaining acid-base equilibrium in a solution?

The concentration of acid and base must be equal.

The solution must have a constant pH.

The rate of the forward and reverse reactions must be equal.

The solution must be at a high temperature.

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Verified step by step guidance

Understand the concept of acid-base equilibrium: In a chemical equilibrium, the rate of the forward reaction (acid dissociating into ions) and the rate of the reverse reaction (ions recombining to form the acid) must be equal.

Recognize that equilibrium does not require equal concentrations of acid and base. Instead, it requires that the rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal, allowing the concentrations to remain constant over time.

Consider the role of pH: While a constant pH might indicate equilibrium, it is not a requirement for equilibrium itself. Equilibrium is about the balance of reaction rates, not necessarily the pH value.

Evaluate the effect of temperature: High temperature can affect the rates of reactions, but equilibrium is defined by the equality of the forward and reverse reaction rates, not by temperature conditions.

Conclude that the key condition for maintaining acid-base equilibrium is the equality of the forward and reverse reaction rates, ensuring that the system remains stable over time.