Table of contents

1. A Review of General Chemistry5h 5m
2. Molecular Representations1h 14m
3. Acids and Bases2h 46m
4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes4h 17m
5. Chirality3h 39m
6. Thermodynamics and Kinetics1h 22m
7. Substitution Reactions1h 48m
8. Elimination Reactions2h 30m
9. Alkenes and Alkynes2h 9m
10. Addition Reactions3h 19m
11. Radical Reactions1h 58m
12. Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides and Thiols2h 42m
13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds2h 17m
14. Synthetic Techniques1h 26m
15. Analytical Techniques:IR, NMR, Mass Spect7h 3m
16. Conjugated Systems6h 13m
17. Ultraviolet Spectroscopy51m
18. Aromaticity2h 34m
19. Reactions of Aromatics: EAS and Beyond5h 1m
20. Phenols55m
21. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition4h 56m
22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS2h 51m
23. The Chemistry of Thioesters, Phophate Ester and Phosphate Anhydrides1h 10m
24. Enolate Chemistry: Reactions at the Alpha-Carbon1h 53m
25. Condensation Chemistry2h 9m
26. Amines1h 43m
27. Heterocycles2h 0m
28. Carbohydrates5h 53m
29. Amino Acids4h 20m
30. Peptides and Proteins2h 42m
31. Catalysis in Organic Reactions1h 30m
32. Lipids 2h 50m
33. The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways2h 52m
34. Nucleic Acids1h 32m
35. Transition Metals6h 14m
36. Synthetic Polymers1h 49m

3. Acids and Bases

Organic Chemistry Reactions

Organic Chemistry

3. Acids and Bases

Organic Chemistry Reactions

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Multiple Choice

In the context of organic chemistry reactions, what is the primary purpose of the reduction phase in the Calvin cycle?

To fix carbon dioxide into an organic molecule

To convert 3-phosphoglycerate into glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate

To produce ATP and NADPH

To regenerate ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate

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Verified step by step guidance

Understand the Calvin cycle: The Calvin cycle is a series of biochemical reactions that take place in the chloroplasts of photosynthetic organisms. It is part of the process of photosynthesis and is responsible for converting carbon dioxide and other compounds into glucose.

Identify the phases of the Calvin cycle: The Calvin cycle consists of three main phases: carbon fixation, reduction, and regeneration. Each phase has a specific role in the synthesis of carbohydrates.

Focus on the reduction phase: The reduction phase is the second phase of the Calvin cycle. During this phase, ATP and NADPH, produced in the light-dependent reactions, are used to convert 3-phosphoglycerate (3-PGA) into glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P).

Chemical transformation in the reduction phase: In this phase, each molecule of 3-phosphoglycerate receives a phosphate group from ATP and is then reduced by NADPH to form glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate. This is a key step in the synthesis of carbohydrates.

Purpose of the reduction phase: The primary purpose of the reduction phase is to convert 3-phosphoglycerate into glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, which can then be used to form glucose and other carbohydrates, providing energy and carbon skeletons for the plant.