Table of contents

1. A Review of General Chemistry5h 5m
2. Molecular Representations1h 14m
3. Acids and Bases2h 46m
4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes4h 17m
5. Chirality3h 39m
6. Thermodynamics and Kinetics1h 22m
7. Substitution Reactions1h 48m
8. Elimination Reactions2h 30m
9. Alkenes and Alkynes2h 9m
10. Addition Reactions3h 19m
11. Radical Reactions1h 58m
12. Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides and Thiols2h 42m
13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds2h 17m
14. Synthetic Techniques1h 26m
15. Analytical Techniques:IR, NMR, Mass Spect7h 3m
16. Conjugated Systems6h 13m
17. Ultraviolet Spectroscopy51m
18. Aromaticity2h 34m
19. Reactions of Aromatics: EAS and Beyond5h 1m
20. Phenols55m
21. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition4h 56m
22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS2h 51m
23. The Chemistry of Thioesters, Phophate Ester and Phosphate Anhydrides1h 10m
24. Enolate Chemistry: Reactions at the Alpha-Carbon1h 53m
25. Condensation Chemistry2h 9m
26. Amines1h 43m
27. Heterocycles2h 0m
28. Carbohydrates5h 53m
29. Amino Acids4h 20m
30. Peptides and Proteins2h 42m
31. Catalysis in Organic Reactions1h 30m
32. Lipids 2h 50m
33. The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways2h 52m
34. Nucleic Acids1h 32m
35. Transition Metals6h 14m
36. Synthetic Polymers1h 49m

33. The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways

ATP and Energy

Organic Chemistry

33. The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways

ATP and Energy

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Multiple Choice

Which of the following processes is driven by chemiosmosis?

Transcription of DNA to RNA

Beta-oxidation of fatty acids

Glycolysis in the cytoplasm

ATP synthesis in mitochondria

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Verified step by step guidance

Understand the concept of chemiosmosis: Chemiosmosis is the movement of ions across a selectively permeable membrane, down their electrochemical gradient. In biological systems, it typically refers to the generation of ATP by the movement of hydrogen ions across a membrane during cellular respiration or photosynthesis.

Identify the location where chemiosmosis occurs: In eukaryotic cells, chemiosmosis occurs in the mitochondria during oxidative phosphorylation, which is part of cellular respiration.

Recognize the role of the electron transport chain: The electron transport chain, located in the inner mitochondrial membrane, pumps protons (H⁺ ions) from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space, creating a proton gradient.

Understand ATP synthesis: The proton gradient created by the electron transport chain is used by ATP synthase, an enzyme that synthesizes ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate, as protons flow back into the mitochondrial matrix through ATP synthase.

Conclude the process driven by chemiosmosis: Based on the understanding of chemiosmosis and its role in ATP production, identify that ATP synthesis in mitochondria is the process driven by chemiosmosis.