Table of contents

1. A Review of General Chemistry5h 5m
2. Molecular Representations1h 14m
3. Acids and Bases2h 46m
4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes4h 17m
5. Chirality3h 39m
6. Thermodynamics and Kinetics1h 22m
7. Substitution Reactions1h 48m
8. Elimination Reactions2h 30m
9. Alkenes and Alkynes2h 9m
10. Addition Reactions3h 19m
11. Radical Reactions1h 58m
12. Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides and Thiols2h 42m
13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds2h 17m
14. Synthetic Techniques1h 26m
15. Analytical Techniques:IR, NMR, Mass Spect7h 3m
16. Conjugated Systems6h 13m
17. Ultraviolet Spectroscopy51m
18. Aromaticity2h 34m
19. Reactions of Aromatics: EAS and Beyond5h 1m
20. Phenols55m
21. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition4h 56m
22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS2h 51m
23. The Chemistry of Thioesters, Phophate Ester and Phosphate Anhydrides1h 10m
24. Enolate Chemistry: Reactions at the Alpha-Carbon1h 53m
25. Condensation Chemistry2h 9m
26. Amines1h 43m
27. Heterocycles2h 0m
28. Carbohydrates5h 53m
29. Amino Acids4h 20m
30. Peptides and Proteins2h 42m
31. Catalysis in Organic Reactions1h 30m
32. Lipids 2h 50m
33. The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways2h 52m
34. Nucleic Acids1h 32m
35. Transition Metals6h 14m
36. Synthetic Polymers1h 49m

3. Acids and Bases

Organic Chemistry Reactions

Organic Chemistry

3. Acids and Bases

Organic Chemistry Reactions

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Multiple Choice

Which of the following best describes the mechanism of electrophilic addition in alkenes?

The alkene undergoes a radical substitution reaction, forming a radical intermediate.

The alkene acts as an electrophile, accepting electrons from a nucleophile to form a stable product.

The alkene undergoes a nucleophilic substitution reaction, forming a stable alkoxide ion.

The alkene acts as a nucleophile, attacking an electrophile to form a carbocation intermediate.

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Verified step by step guidance

Understand the nature of alkenes: Alkenes are hydrocarbons containing a carbon-carbon double bond, which is a region of high electron density. This makes alkenes act as nucleophiles, meaning they can donate electrons.

Identify the role of the electrophile: In electrophilic addition reactions, an electrophile is a species that accepts electrons. It is attracted to the electron-rich double bond of the alkene.

Describe the initial interaction: The alkene's π electrons attack the electrophile, leading to the formation of a carbocation intermediate. This step involves the breaking of the π bond and the formation of a new σ bond with the electrophile.

Explain the formation of the carbocation: The carbocation is a positively charged carbon atom that results from the alkene donating electrons to the electrophile. This intermediate is crucial for the subsequent steps of the reaction.

Discuss the completion of the reaction: The carbocation intermediate can then react with a nucleophile, which donates electrons to form a stable product. This step completes the electrophilic addition mechanism.