Table of contents

1. A Review of General Chemistry5h 5m
2. Molecular Representations1h 14m
3. Acids and Bases2h 46m
4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes4h 17m
5. Chirality3h 39m
6. Thermodynamics and Kinetics1h 22m
7. Substitution Reactions1h 48m
8. Elimination Reactions2h 30m
9. Alkenes and Alkynes2h 9m
10. Addition Reactions3h 19m
11. Radical Reactions1h 58m
12. Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides and Thiols2h 42m
13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds2h 17m
14. Synthetic Techniques1h 26m
15. Analytical Techniques:IR, NMR, Mass Spect7h 3m
16. Conjugated Systems6h 13m
17. Ultraviolet Spectroscopy51m
18. Aromaticity2h 34m
19. Reactions of Aromatics: EAS and Beyond5h 1m
20. Phenols55m
21. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition4h 56m
22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS2h 51m
23. The Chemistry of Thioesters, Phophate Ester and Phosphate Anhydrides1h 10m
24. Enolate Chemistry: Reactions at the Alpha-Carbon1h 53m
25. Condensation Chemistry2h 9m
26. Amines1h 43m
27. Heterocycles2h 0m
28. Carbohydrates5h 53m
29. Amino Acids4h 20m
30. Peptides and Proteins2h 42m
31. Catalysis in Organic Reactions1h 30m
32. Lipids 2h 50m
33. The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways2h 52m
34. Nucleic Acids1h 32m
35. Transition Metals6h 14m
36. Synthetic Polymers1h 49m

16. Conjugated Systems

Conjugation Chemistry

Organic Chemistry

16. Conjugated Systems

Conjugation Chemistry

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Multiple Choice

Why does conjugation between an Hfr strain and an F- strain not result in two Hfr strains?

The F- strain does not receive the entire Hfr chromosome during conjugation.

The F- strain lacks the necessary enzymes to integrate the Hfr DNA.

The Hfr strain loses its fertility factor during the process.

Conjugation between Hfr and F- strains results in the formation of an F+ strain.

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Verified step by step guidance

Understand the concept of Hfr and F- strains: Hfr (High frequency of recombination) strains have the F factor integrated into their chromosome, allowing them to transfer genetic material to F- strains during conjugation.

Recognize the process of bacterial conjugation: During conjugation, the Hfr strain attempts to transfer its entire chromosome to the F- strain through a pilus. However, this process is often interrupted before the entire chromosome is transferred.

Identify the limitations of the F- strain: The F- strain typically does not receive the entire Hfr chromosome, including the F factor, due to the interruption of the conjugation process.

Consider the role of enzymes: The F- strain lacks the necessary enzymes to integrate the partial Hfr DNA it receives into its own chromosome, preventing it from becoming an Hfr strain.

Conclude the outcome of the conjugation: Since the F- strain does not receive the complete F factor, it cannot become an Hfr strain. Instead, it may become an F+ strain if it receives enough of the F factor to form a plasmid.