Table of contents

1. A Review of General Chemistry5h 5m
2. Molecular Representations1h 14m
3. Acids and Bases2h 46m
4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes4h 17m
5. Chirality3h 39m
6. Thermodynamics and Kinetics1h 22m
7. Substitution Reactions1h 48m
8. Elimination Reactions2h 30m
9. Alkenes and Alkynes2h 9m
10. Addition Reactions3h 19m
11. Radical Reactions1h 58m
12. Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides and Thiols2h 42m
13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds2h 17m
14. Synthetic Techniques1h 26m
15. Analytical Techniques:IR, NMR, Mass Spect7h 3m
16. Conjugated Systems6h 13m
17. Ultraviolet Spectroscopy51m
18. Aromaticity2h 34m
19. Reactions of Aromatics: EAS and Beyond5h 1m
20. Phenols55m
21. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition4h 56m
22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS2h 51m
23. The Chemistry of Thioesters, Phophate Ester and Phosphate Anhydrides1h 10m
24. Enolate Chemistry: Reactions at the Alpha-Carbon1h 53m
25. Condensation Chemistry2h 9m
26. Amines1h 43m
27. Heterocycles2h 0m
28. Carbohydrates5h 53m
29. Amino Acids4h 20m
30. Peptides and Proteins2h 42m
31. Catalysis in Organic Reactions1h 30m
32. Lipids 2h 50m
33. The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways2h 52m
34. Nucleic Acids1h 32m
35. Transition Metals6h 14m
36. Synthetic Polymers1h 49m

18. Aromaticity

Naming Benzene Rings

Organic Chemistry

18. Aromaticity

Naming Benzene Rings

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4:36 minutes

Problem 30a,b

Textbook Question

Name the following:
a.
b.

Verified step by step guidance

Step 1: Analyze the structure in part (i). The molecule contains a pyridine ring (a six-membered aromatic ring with one nitrogen atom) substituted with a bromine atom and an ethyl group. Identify the positions of the substituents relative to the nitrogen atom in the pyridine ring.

Step 2: Assign locants to the substituents in part (i). The nitrogen atom in the pyridine ring is position 1. The bromine atom is at position 3, and the ethyl group is at position 4. Use the lowest possible locants for naming.

Step 3: Combine the substituents and the parent name for part (i). The parent name is 'pyridine,' and the substituents are '3-bromo' and '4-ethyl.' Assemble the name in alphabetical order of the substituents.

Step 4: Analyze the structure in part (ii). The molecule contains a piperidine ring (a six-membered saturated ring with one nitrogen atom) substituted with a methyl group and an ethyl group. Identify the positions of the substituents relative to the nitrogen atom in the piperidine ring.

Step 5: Assign locants to the substituents in part (ii). The nitrogen atom in the piperidine ring is position 1. The methyl group is at position 2, and the ethyl group is at position 4. Use the lowest possible locants for naming. Combine the substituents and the parent name 'piperidine' in alphabetical order.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Benzene Derivatives

Benzene derivatives are compounds that contain a benzene ring, which is a six-carbon ring with alternating double bonds. The presence of substituents, such as halogens or functional groups, can significantly alter the chemical properties and reactivity of the benzene ring. Understanding how to identify and name these derivatives is crucial in organic chemistry.

Nomenclature of Organic Compounds

Nomenclature refers to the systematic naming of organic compounds according to established rules, such as those set by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC). This includes identifying the longest carbon chain, naming substituents, and determining the correct numbering of the carbon atoms to provide a unique and informative name for each compound.

Substituent Effects

Substituent effects describe how different groups attached to a benzene ring can influence its reactivity and stability. For example, electron-donating groups can activate the ring towards electrophilic substitution, while electron-withdrawing groups can deactivate it. Recognizing these effects is essential for predicting the behavior of benzene derivatives in chemical reactions.

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