Table of contents

1. A Review of General Chemistry5h 5m
2. Molecular Representations1h 14m
3. Acids and Bases2h 46m
4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes4h 17m
5. Chirality3h 39m
6. Thermodynamics and Kinetics1h 22m
7. Substitution Reactions1h 48m
8. Elimination Reactions2h 30m
9. Alkenes and Alkynes2h 9m
10. Addition Reactions3h 19m
11. Radical Reactions1h 58m
12. Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides and Thiols2h 42m
13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds2h 17m
14. Synthetic Techniques1h 26m
15. Analytical Techniques:IR, NMR, Mass Spect7h 3m
16. Conjugated Systems6h 13m
17. Ultraviolet Spectroscopy51m
18. Aromaticity2h 34m
19. Reactions of Aromatics: EAS and Beyond5h 1m
20. Phenols55m
21. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition4h 56m
22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS2h 51m
23. The Chemistry of Thioesters, Phophate Ester and Phosphate Anhydrides1h 10m
24. Enolate Chemistry: Reactions at the Alpha-Carbon1h 53m
25. Condensation Chemistry2h 9m
26. Amines1h 43m
27. Heterocycles2h 0m
28. Carbohydrates5h 53m
29. Amino Acids4h 20m
30. Peptides and Proteins2h 42m
31. Catalysis in Organic Reactions1h 30m
32. Lipids 2h 50m
33. The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways2h 52m
34. Nucleic Acids1h 32m
35. Transition Metals6h 14m
36. Synthetic Polymers1h 49m

2. Molecular Representations

Functional Groups

Organic Chemistry

2. Molecular Representations

Functional Groups

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Multiple Choice

Which two functional groups are bound to the central carbon of every free amino acid monomer?

Hydroxyl group and methyl group

Carbonyl group and sulfhydryl group

Amino group and carboxyl group

Phosphate group and ester group

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Verified step by step guidance

Understand the structure of an amino acid: Amino acids are organic compounds that serve as the building blocks of proteins. Each amino acid has a central carbon atom, known as the alpha carbon.

Identify the functional groups attached to the alpha carbon: In a free amino acid, the central carbon is bonded to four different groups: an amino group (-NH₂), a carboxyl group (-COOH), a hydrogen atom, and a variable side chain (R group).

Recognize the amino group: The amino group (-NH₂) is a basic functional group that contains nitrogen and is responsible for the basic properties of amino acids.

Recognize the carboxyl group: The carboxyl group (-COOH) is an acidic functional group that contains a carbonyl and a hydroxyl group, contributing to the acidic properties of amino acids.

Conclude that the two functional groups bound to the central carbon of every free amino acid monomer are the amino group and the carboxyl group, which are essential for the formation of peptide bonds in proteins.