Multiple Choice
Reverse transcriptase is a retroviral enzyme that does which of the following?
3. Acids and Bases
Organic Chemistry Reactions
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In the context of enzyme-catalyzed reactions, how does competitive inhibition differ from noncompetitive inhibition?
A
Competitive inhibition decreases the maximum reaction rate, while noncompetitive inhibition increases the maximum reaction rate.
B
Competitive inhibition affects the enzyme's structure, while noncompetitive inhibition does not.
C
Competitive inhibition involves the inhibitor binding to the active site, while noncompetitive inhibition involves the inhibitor binding to a different site.
D
Competitive inhibition can be overcome by increasing substrate concentration, while noncompetitive inhibition cannot.
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand the concept of enzyme-catalyzed reactions: Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy required for the reaction to proceed.
Define competitive inhibition: In competitive inhibition, the inhibitor molecule competes with the substrate for binding to the enzyme's active site. This means that the inhibitor and substrate cannot bind to the enzyme at the same time.
Define noncompetitive inhibition: In noncompetitive inhibition, the inhibitor binds to a site other than the active site, known as the allosteric site. This binding changes the enzyme's shape, affecting its activity regardless of whether the substrate is bound.
Explain the effect on reaction rate: Competitive inhibition can be overcome by increasing the concentration of the substrate, as this increases the likelihood of the substrate binding to the active site instead of the inhibitor. Noncompetitive inhibition cannot be overcome by increasing substrate concentration, as the inhibitor affects the enzyme's function regardless of substrate presence.
Summarize the key differences: Competitive inhibition involves the inhibitor binding to the active site and can be overcome by increasing substrate concentration. Noncompetitive inhibition involves the inhibitor binding to a different site and cannot be overcome by increasing substrate concentration.
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