Table of contents

1. A Review of General Chemistry5h 5m
2. Molecular Representations1h 14m
3. Acids and Bases2h 46m
4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes4h 17m
5. Chirality3h 39m
6. Thermodynamics and Kinetics1h 22m
7. Substitution Reactions1h 48m
8. Elimination Reactions2h 30m
9. Alkenes and Alkynes2h 9m
10. Addition Reactions3h 19m
11. Radical Reactions1h 58m
12. Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides and Thiols2h 42m
13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds2h 17m
14. Synthetic Techniques1h 26m
15. Analytical Techniques:IR, NMR, Mass Spect7h 3m
16. Conjugated Systems6h 13m
17. Ultraviolet Spectroscopy51m
18. Aromaticity2h 34m
19. Reactions of Aromatics: EAS and Beyond5h 1m
20. Phenols55m
21. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition4h 56m
22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS2h 51m
23. The Chemistry of Thioesters, Phophate Ester and Phosphate Anhydrides1h 10m
24. Enolate Chemistry: Reactions at the Alpha-Carbon1h 53m
25. Condensation Chemistry2h 9m
26. Amines1h 43m
27. Heterocycles2h 0m
28. Carbohydrates5h 53m
29. Amino Acids4h 20m
30. Peptides and Proteins2h 42m
31. Catalysis in Organic Reactions1h 30m
32. Lipids 2h 50m
33. The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways2h 52m
34. Nucleic Acids1h 32m
35. Transition Metals6h 14m
36. Synthetic Polymers1h 49m

4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes

Naming Alkenes

Organic Chemistry

4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes

Naming Alkenes

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5:22 minutes

Problem 5a

Textbook Question

Draw the structures and name the four constitutional isomers with molecular formula C₄H₉Br.

Verified step by step guidance

Understand the problem: Constitutional isomers are compounds with the same molecular formula but different connectivity of atoms. Here, we need to draw and name four isomers of C4H9Br, which means they all have four carbons, nine hydrogens, and one bromine atom, but differ in how the atoms are connected.

Step 1: Start with the straight-chain structure (n-butane) as the parent chain. Replace one hydrogen atom with a bromine atom at different positions to create two isomers: 1-bromobutane and 2-bromobutane. Draw their structures and name them accordingly.

Step 2: Consider branching the carbon chain to form isobutane (2-methylpropane) as the parent chain. Replace one hydrogen atom with a bromine atom at different positions to create two more isomers: 1-bromo-2-methylpropane and 2-bromo-2-methylpropane. Draw their structures and name them accordingly.

Step 3: Verify that all four structures are unique and meet the molecular formula C4H9Br. Ensure that no two structures are identical and that all possible connectivity variations have been considered.

Step 4: Double-check the IUPAC names for each isomer to ensure they are correct and follow the naming conventions. Confirm that the names correspond to the drawn structures.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Constitutional Isomers

Constitutional isomers are compounds that have the same molecular formula but differ in the connectivity of their atoms. This means that while they share the same number of each type of atom, the arrangement of these atoms leads to different chemical structures and properties. Understanding constitutional isomers is crucial for identifying and naming different compounds that can exist with the same formula.

Molecular Formula

A molecular formula indicates the number and type of atoms in a molecule, represented by the symbols of the elements and subscripts denoting the quantity of each atom. For example, C4H9Br specifies that the molecule contains four carbon atoms, nine hydrogen atoms, and one bromine atom. This formula is essential for determining the possible structures and isomers that can be formed from the given atoms.

Structural Representation

Structural representation involves drawing the specific arrangement of atoms in a molecule, which can be depicted through various formats such as Lewis structures, condensed formulas, or skeletal structures. This visual representation is vital for understanding the differences between isomers, as it highlights how the connectivity of atoms affects the overall structure and properties of the compound.

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