Table of contents

1. A Review of General Chemistry5h 5m
2. Molecular Representations1h 14m
3. Acids and Bases2h 46m
4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes4h 17m
5. Chirality3h 39m
6. Thermodynamics and Kinetics1h 22m
7. Substitution Reactions1h 48m
8. Elimination Reactions2h 30m
9. Alkenes and Alkynes2h 9m
10. Addition Reactions3h 19m
11. Radical Reactions1h 58m
12. Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides and Thiols2h 42m
13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds2h 17m
14. Synthetic Techniques1h 26m
15. Analytical Techniques:IR, NMR, Mass Spect7h 3m
16. Conjugated Systems6h 13m
17. Ultraviolet Spectroscopy51m
18. Aromaticity2h 34m
19. Reactions of Aromatics: EAS and Beyond5h 1m
20. Phenols55m
21. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition4h 56m
22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS2h 51m
23. The Chemistry of Thioesters, Phophate Ester and Phosphate Anhydrides1h 10m
24. Enolate Chemistry: Reactions at the Alpha-Carbon1h 53m
25. Condensation Chemistry2h 9m
26. Amines1h 43m
27. Heterocycles2h 0m
28. Carbohydrates5h 53m
29. Amino Acids4h 20m
30. Peptides and Proteins2h 42m
31. Catalysis in Organic Reactions1h 30m
32. Lipids 2h 50m
33. The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways2h 52m
34. Nucleic Acids1h 32m
35. Transition Metals6h 14m
36. Synthetic Polymers1h 49m

3. Acids and Bases

Acids and Bases

Organic Chemistry

3. Acids and Bases

Acids and Bases

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Multiple Choice

Why are changes in pH and temperature critical to the proper functioning of an enzyme?

They convert the enzyme into a non-protein structure, improving its efficiency.

They can alter the enzyme's active site, affecting substrate binding.

They increase the enzyme's molecular weight, enhancing its activity.

They cause the enzyme to become more soluble in non-polar solvents.

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Verified step by step guidance

Understand the structure of enzymes: Enzymes are proteins that have specific three-dimensional structures, which include an active site where substrates bind.

Learn about the role of the active site: The active site is crucial for the enzyme's function, as it is where the chemical reaction occurs. The shape and chemical environment of the active site are tailored to bind specific substrates.

Explore the impact of pH on enzymes: Changes in pH can affect the ionization of amino acids in the enzyme, particularly those in the active site, altering its shape and charge properties, which can affect substrate binding.

Examine the effect of temperature on enzymes: Temperature changes can influence the kinetic energy of molecules, potentially leading to denaturation of the enzyme. This denaturation can change the shape of the enzyme, including the active site, thus affecting its ability to bind substrates.

Conclude with the importance of maintaining optimal conditions: Enzymes function best within specific pH and temperature ranges, and deviations from these conditions can lead to reduced efficiency or complete loss of function due to alterations in the active site.