Table of contents

1. A Review of General Chemistry5h 5m
2. Molecular Representations1h 14m
3. Acids and Bases2h 46m
4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes4h 17m
5. Chirality3h 39m
6. Thermodynamics and Kinetics1h 22m
7. Substitution Reactions1h 48m
8. Elimination Reactions2h 30m
9. Alkenes and Alkynes2h 9m
10. Addition Reactions3h 19m
11. Radical Reactions1h 58m
12. Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides and Thiols2h 42m
13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds2h 17m
14. Synthetic Techniques1h 26m
15. Analytical Techniques:IR, NMR, Mass Spect7h 3m
16. Conjugated Systems6h 13m
17. Ultraviolet Spectroscopy51m
18. Aromaticity2h 34m
19. Reactions of Aromatics: EAS and Beyond5h 1m
20. Phenols55m
21. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition4h 56m
22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS2h 51m
23. The Chemistry of Thioesters, Phophate Ester and Phosphate Anhydrides1h 10m
24. Enolate Chemistry: Reactions at the Alpha-Carbon1h 53m
25. Condensation Chemistry2h 9m
26. Amines1h 43m
27. Heterocycles2h 0m
28. Carbohydrates5h 53m
29. Amino Acids4h 20m
30. Peptides and Proteins2h 42m
31. Catalysis in Organic Reactions1h 30m
32. Lipids 2h 50m
33. The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways2h 52m
34. Nucleic Acids1h 32m
35. Transition Metals6h 14m
36. Synthetic Polymers1h 49m

22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS

Naming Amides

Organic Chemistry

22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS

Naming Amides

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1:17 minutes

Problem 3b

Textbook Question

Draw the structure for each of the following:
b. γ-caprolactam

Verified step by step guidance

Understand the term 'γ-caprolactam': It is a lactam, which is a cyclic amide. The 'γ' prefix indicates that the lactam ring is formed by the reaction of the γ-carbon (the third carbon from the functional group) with the amine group, resulting in a seven-membered ring.

Determine the parent structure: Caprolactam is derived from caproic acid (a six-carbon carboxylic acid). The lactam is formed by the intramolecular reaction of the amine group with the carboxylic acid group, creating a seven-membered ring.

Draw the seven-membered ring: Start by sketching a seven-membered ring structure. Label one of the carbons as the carbonyl carbon (C=O) to represent the amide functional group.

Add substituents: Place a nitrogen atom (N) adjacent to the carbonyl carbon in the ring. This nitrogen is part of the amide group. Ensure that the remaining carbons in the ring are saturated with hydrogens to satisfy the valency of carbon.

Verify the structure: Double-check that the structure represents a seven-membered ring with one carbonyl group and one nitrogen atom, and that all atoms have the correct number of bonds. This is the structure of γ-caprolactam.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Lactams

Lactams are cyclic amides formed by the reaction of an amino group with a carboxylic acid, resulting in a ring structure. They are classified based on the size of the ring, with γ-lactams containing a six-membered ring. Understanding lactams is essential for recognizing their chemical properties and reactivity, particularly in organic synthesis and polymer chemistry.

Caprolactam

Caprolactam is a specific type of γ-lactam that is derived from caproic acid. It is a key monomer in the production of nylon-6, a synthetic polymer widely used in textiles and plastics. Recognizing the structure of caprolactam is crucial for understanding its applications in material science and the synthesis of polyamides.

Chemical Structure Drawing

Drawing chemical structures involves representing molecules using specific conventions, such as lines for bonds and symbols for atoms. For γ-caprolactam, it is important to accurately depict the cyclic amide structure, including the carbonyl group and the nitrogen atom. Mastery of structural drawing is fundamental in organic chemistry for visualizing molecular geometry and predicting reactivity.

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