Table of contents

1. A Review of General Chemistry5h 5m
2. Molecular Representations1h 14m
3. Acids and Bases2h 46m
4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes4h 17m
5. Chirality3h 39m
6. Thermodynamics and Kinetics1h 22m
7. Substitution Reactions1h 48m
8. Elimination Reactions2h 30m
9. Alkenes and Alkynes2h 9m
10. Addition Reactions3h 19m
11. Radical Reactions1h 58m
12. Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides and Thiols2h 42m
13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds2h 17m
14. Synthetic Techniques1h 26m
15. Analytical Techniques:IR, NMR, Mass Spect7h 3m
16. Conjugated Systems6h 13m
17. Ultraviolet Spectroscopy51m
18. Aromaticity2h 34m
19. Reactions of Aromatics: EAS and Beyond5h 1m
20. Phenols55m
21. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition4h 56m
22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS2h 51m
23. The Chemistry of Thioesters, Phophate Ester and Phosphate Anhydrides1h 10m
24. Enolate Chemistry: Reactions at the Alpha-Carbon1h 53m
25. Condensation Chemistry2h 9m
26. Amines1h 43m
27. Heterocycles2h 0m
28. Carbohydrates5h 53m
29. Amino Acids4h 20m
30. Peptides and Proteins2h 42m
31. Catalysis in Organic Reactions1h 30m
32. Lipids 2h 50m
33. The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways2h 52m
34. Nucleic Acids1h 32m
35. Transition Metals6h 14m
36. Synthetic Polymers1h 49m

1. A Review of General Chemistry

Intro to Organic Chemistry

Organic Chemistry

1. A Review of General Chemistry

Intro to Organic Chemistry

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Multiple Choice

In the context of organic chemistry, what is the primary function of the electrons carried to the electron transport chain by NADH and FADH2?

To oxidize glucose to carbon dioxide

To reduce oxygen to water

To directly synthesize ATP

To create a proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane

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Verified step by step guidance

Understand the role of NADH and FADH2: These molecules are electron carriers that play a crucial role in cellular respiration, specifically in the electron transport chain (ETC).

Recognize the function of the electron transport chain: The ETC is a series of protein complexes located in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Its primary function is to transfer electrons from NADH and FADH2 to oxygen, the final electron acceptor.

Identify the process of creating a proton gradient: As electrons are transferred through the ETC, energy is released. This energy is used to pump protons (H+) from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space, creating a proton gradient.

Understand the significance of the proton gradient: The proton gradient generates a potential energy difference across the inner mitochondrial membrane, known as the proton motive force.

Connect the proton gradient to ATP synthesis: The proton motive force drives protons back into the mitochondrial matrix through ATP synthase, a process that synthesizes ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate. Thus, the primary function of the electrons carried by NADH and FADH2 is to create this proton gradient.